If you have any questions during the briefing, please feel free to ask.

I'll be explaining the armaments compatible with the TA-50 Block 2, in the order of AA MSLs, AG bombs, then AG MSLs.
The AIM-9P seen here is a standard short-range AA MSL. It uses an infrared seeker to track the target's heat signature. It has a range of 4.5km and produces about 1300 fragments. You can mount one AIM-9P on each wingtip.

Moving on to GP bombs.
The MK-82 is a 500lbs GP bomb with low cost and high versatility. Up to eight MK-82s can be mounted on the inboard and outboard pylons. Before avionics were as advanced as they are today, pilots relied on visual targeting, which resulted in poor accuracy. This led to greater collateral damage and increased operational costs. Thus came the 'smart bomb' - attaching guidance kits to conventional bombs.

The evolution started with attaching laser guidance kits, like on the GBU-12 and 24 seen here. But the accuracy of laser-guided bombs is heavily dependent on weather conditions. In contrast, the GPS/INS guidance system used in the JDAM is virtually unaffected by weather and eliminates the limitations of laser designation range. These bombs are mainly used against large, fixed structures. They exhibit a CEP of 13m and a range of 00m. As they are easier to assemble and operate than laser-guided variants, they are the preferred choice. The TA-50 utilizes the GBU-38, which is a MK-82 fitted with a GPS kit, and can carry up to four of them on its pylons. This here is the KGGB, a GPS/INS guided bomb developed in Korea. It was jointly developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As seen here, it is equipped with a wing kit giving it three times the range of the GBU-31. It exhibits a CEP of 00m.

Finally, let's move on to AG MSLs.
While the AG guided bombs are very effective, they generally have limited range and are difficult to use against moving targets. Thus, propulsion systems were equipped to extend range and engagement capabilities. The AGM-65 is a prime example of an AG MSL, using IIR guidance to allow tracking targets after launch. The pilot can select targets using real-time thermal imagery offering very high precision. Up to four of these MSLs can be mounted on the pylons.

This concludes my briefing. Thank you for your time and attention.


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## 1. For the General Public

Welcome to the 1st Fighter Wing Armament Exhibition Hall.
I am OO OOO, commander of OO Flight, and I will be giving today's briefing.
First, I will give a brief introduction to the exhibition hall.

The 1st Fighter Wing Armament Exhibition Hall opened in 2014 and spans approximately 330 square meters. It displays various types of armament, including air‑to‑air and air‑to‑ground guided missiles, air‑to‑ground bombs, aircraft guns, and ammunition. You can also view aircrew flight equipment (AFE) and survival gear designed to enhance pilot suvivability.

I will now begin introducing the armaments. We will proceed clockwise, starting from your right.

First, I will explain our air‑to‑air missiles.
The aircraft ordnance I will be introducing can broadly be divided into 'missiles' and 'bombs'. Simply, missiles are launched with heat streaming out from its rear, whereas bombs are dropped from the aircraft.

The AIM-9P in front of you is a representative short-range air-to-air missile. It uses an infrared homing system and is fired after locking onto the enemy aircraft's exhaust heat. Despite being inexpensive and simple, it is very effective when positioned behind the enemy. It is now mainly used for training.

Next is the AIM‑9X. Utilizing infrared guidance and a helmet-mounted cueing system, this missile is capable of 'all-aspect' targeting - meaning it can strike from any angle, front or rear. Its excellent maneuverability greatly improves fighter survivability and combat effectiveness compared to the AIM-9P. We have a video prepared to show how it integrates with the pilot's helmet. We will watch it after the next missile explanation.

Next is the AIM-120 medium-range air-to-air missile. The AIM-120 was developed, despite the existence of the AIM-9, for its distinct purpose. The AIM-9, as a short-range air-to-air missile, is used when the enemy aircraft is visible and engaged in close-in combat, whereas the AIM-120 is designed to detect enemies at long range via radar and carry out preemptive strikes.

Note: Range approximately 14 times that of AIM-9P, 3 times that of AIM-9X

The AIM-120 uses active radar guidance, allowing it to search for its target autonomously after launch. This type of guidance allows the pilot to "forget" the missile after its launch and immediately engage another target; this is known as "fire and forget". It is the primary weapon for head-on and beyond-visual-range engagements, and is able to carry out surprise attacks before being detected by enemy early-warning systems.

So far, I have explained the air-to-air missiles used to intercept enemy aircraft.

Next, I will explain general-purpose air-to-ground bombs.
The image that comes to mind when people think of 'bombing' reflects the characteristics of the bomb. The most representative is the MK-82. It is a 500-pound, general-purpose, unguided free-fall bomb. It serves as a base to which various guidance kits can be attached. Its low cost and high versatility makes it very widely used in our Air Force.

However, before aircraft capabilities were as advanced as they are today, for example during the Vietnam War, unguided bombs had very poor accuracy and it is said dozens to hundreds of bombing runs were required to destroy a single bunker.

This causes issues like increased civilian casualties and higher operational costs. As a solution, the concept of the precision-guided bomb, or "smart bomb", emerged by attaching guidance kits to existing bombs.

This began with attaching laser guidance kits, as seen here on the GBU-12/24. Both bombs mainly carry out precision strikes by homing on targets designated by real-time laser pointing. The difference between the two is that the GBU-12 uses the MK-82 as its warhead, while the GBU-24 uses the much larger 2000-pound BLU-109 warhead.

Guidance kits then evolved to use infrared guidance, as in the AIM-9 seen earlier, and later to the electro-optical / video guidance used by the AGM-65, which I will explain shortly. However, these methods are rarely used on the bombs currently operated by ROKAF, so I will explain them during the air-to-ground missile portion.

Next came guidance methods using GPS and INS. Laser-guided bombs are affected by weather conditions, which can degrade laser performance and reduce accuracy. In contrast, GPS/INS-based systems like the JDAM are far less affected by weather. Since they are not limited by constraints like laser designation range, they are optimized for long-range, reconnaisance-based strikes and are mainly used against large structures and fixed targets.

A prime example of the value of GPS-guidance was during the 2003 Iraq War, where JDAMs successfully executed bombing missions when sandstorms neutralized laser and video guidance systems.

The KGGB is a Korean-developed guided bomb. It uses GPS/INS guidance and consists of a domestic guidance kit attached to a standard MK-82 bomb. It is an indigenous smart bomb co-developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As you can see, additional wings are fitted giving it a maximum range more than three times that of the GBU-31.

If released from our current location, it can glide all the way to Yeosu Airport and accurately strike a target.

On the mannequin here, you can see the actual flight equipment worn by fighter pilots in flight. The G‑suit prevent the pilot from passing out during high‑G maneuvers, and the oxygen mask attached to the helmet supplies a steady flow of oxygen.

In an emergency, a pilot may have to eject. Underneath the seat, there is a built-in Survival Kit that ejects with the pilot. The survival items and life raft in the kit increases the pilot's chances of survival in extreme conditions.

The 20 mm cannon is an internally mounted aircraft gun. It can fire up to 1,700 rounds per minute and is installed on the F‑5 fighter, where it is used for both air‑to‑air engagements and close air support.

Next is the last air-to-ground guided bomb.
The GBU‑39 you see here is a small GPS‑guided bomb, much smaller than the bombs seen earlier. It is a 250‑pound‑class bomb with great accuracy and penetration designed to minimize collateral damage. Its light weight allows aircraft to carry more rounds, and it also boasts a long standoff range.

As mentioned, these air‑to‑ground guided bombs have excellent performance; however, they generally have shorter ranges and struggle against moving targets like vehicles, tanks, and ships. To overcome these limitations, propulsion systems were added to extend range and allow them to maneuver in response to target movement.

The first is the short‑range air‑to‑ground missile AGM‑65D/G. It is one of the older air‑to‑ground missiles and uses imaging infrared (IIR) for guidance. Like the AMRAAM, it has a “fire‑and‑forget” capability, and it is operated by aircraft such as the A-10 and F-16.

Next are the medium‑ to long‑range air‑to‑surface missiles. The Harpoon and SLAM‑ER are both variants of the AGM‑84. The Harpoon uses active radar guidance and was developed to strike naval targets. It approaches at low altitude to evade radar and can strike targets over 120 km away. The SLAM‑ER uses GPS/INS and IIR guidance. It is capable of precision strikes on fixed targets and can fly terrain-following paths to strike land targets as well.

The AGM‑88 HARM is a long‑range air‑to‑ground missile. It detects the frequencies emitted by enemy air‑defense radars and other similar systems and automatically homes in on the signal. It is a key weapon in electronic warfare operations, and with its high speed and integrated detection-strike capability, it plays a major role in securing air superiority.


Finally, I will explain our rocket systems.
The LAU‑3 launcher is used to fire 2.75‑inch rockets. These are not precision‑guided weapons. They are mainly used for close air support, and various warheads can be configured, such as fragmentation or incendiary. They are effective for rapid response and saturating a wide area with fire.












---

First, I will brief you in the following order: air‑to‑air missiles, air‑to‑ground bombs, and air‑to‑ground missiles.

The AIM‑9P you see here is a representative short‑range air‑to‑air missile. It uses infrared (IR) homing guidance, meaning the seeker in the missile’s nose tracks infrared energy and guides the missile to intercept the target. The seeker detects the heat from the exhaust plume of an enemy aircraft, and, according to the pilot’s commands, locks on to the target before launch. It has a range of about 4.5 km. Although it is inexpensive and simple, it is very effective for attacking from the enemy’s rear during short‑range dogfights. In addition to direct impact, it can inflict damage on the target with about 1,300 fragments produced on detonation. It is currently used mainly for training.

Next is the AIM‑9X. With an upgraded infrared guidance system and a helmet‑mounted, high off‑boresight (HOBS) targeting capability, it can engage targets in all directions—front, rear, and even below the aircraft. It also has excellent maneuverability of up to 50 g and a range of about 22 km, greatly improving fighter survivability and engagement capability compared to the AIM‑9P. We have prepared a short video to show how it is integrated with the pilot’s helmet; you will watch that after the next missile is introduced.

Next is the AIM‑120C medium‑range air‑to‑air missile.  
Despite the existence of the AIM‑9, the AIM‑120 was developed for a different purpose. The AIM‑9, as a short‑range air‑to‑air missile, is used when the enemy aircraft is already in visual range and you are in close‑in combat. In contrast, the AIM‑120 is designed to detect the enemy at long range using radar and carry out pre‑emptive attacks.

- It has roughly 14 times the range of the AIM‑9P and about 3 times the range of the AIM‑9X.

The AIM‑120C AMRAAM is a medium‑range air‑to‑air missile that uses an inertial navigation system (INS) during the mid‑course phase of flight, then switches to active radar homing in the terminal phase, allowing it to search for its target autonomously after launch. As you may know, AMRAAM carries its own radar; after launch it emits radar pulses and homes in on the reflected energy to intercept the target. This guidance method allows the pilot to “forget” about the missile once it has been fired and immediately engage other targets—this is known as a “fire‑and‑forget” capability. It is the main weapon for head‑on and beyond‑visual‑range engagements and has the advantage of being able to conduct surprise attacks before being detected by enemy early‑warning systems. Its warhead produces about 1,300 fragments.

That concludes the section on air‑to‑air missiles used to intercept enemy aircraft in the air. After we watch a brief video, I will move on to air‑to‑ground general‑purpose bombs.

When people think of “bombing,” the image that usually comes to mind reflects the characteristics of these bombs. The most representative example is the MK‑82. The MK‑82 is classified as a general‑purpose bomb. It is a 500‑pound, unguided, free‑fall bomb and is one of the most common types used. Because it is inexpensive and highly versatile, it is extensively employed by our Air Force.

However, before aircraft systems became as advanced as they are today, bombs were released based only on the pilot’s eyesight and a simple optical sight, so accuracy was even lower. For example, during the Vietnam War the accuracy of unguided bombs was so poor that dozens to even hundreds of sorties were sometimes required to destroy a single bunker.

- Although the ROK Air Force ammunition handbook does not provide CEP (circular error probable) data for the MK‑82, characteristics published by the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) indicate a CEP of about 95 m when dropped from 15,000 ft.

This accuracy problem led to increased civilian casualties and higher operational costs. To address this, the concept of the precision‑guided bomb, or “smart bomb,” emerged by attaching guidance kits to existing bombs.

This began with the attachment of laser guidance kits, as you can see here on the GBU‑12 and GBU‑24. Both bombs mainly perform precision strikes using semi‑active laser guidance. Unlike the active guidance used by the AIM‑120, in semi‑active laser guidance the bomb itself does not have a laser designator and must rely on another platform for laser illumination. For example, if an aircraft designates a target by shining a laser on it, the bomb’s seeker detects the reflected laser energy and guides the bomb to the target. The difference between the two bombs is that the GBU‑12 uses the 500‑pound MK‑82 as its warhead, while the GBU‑24 uses the much larger 2,000‑pound BLU‑109 warhead.

With the introduction of the GBU‑12 in the 1970s, CEP improved to about 5–10 m, but problems still remained. After laser guidance, guidance methods further evolved to infrared guidance, as used in the AIM‑9, and then to electro‑optical / TV guidance, as used in the AGM‑65, which I will explain later. However, among the bombs currently operated by the Republic of Korea Air Force, these guidance methods are rarely used, so I will cover them in more detail during the air‑to‑ground missile portion of the briefing.

Next, guidance methods using GPS and INS were introduced.  
Laser‑guided bombs are affected by weather conditions, which can degrade laser performance and reduce accuracy. In contrast, GPS/INS‑based guidance, such as that used by JDAM, is only minimally affected by weather and is not constrained by laser designation range, allowing these weapons to be used as all‑weather bombs. They are mainly used against large structures and other fixed targets. JDAMs have a CEP of around 13 m, which may appear worse than that of laser‑guided bombs, but they offer high day/night, all‑weather operational flexibility and are simpler to assemble and employ than laser‑guided bombs, so they are widely used in practice.

- A representative example of GPS‑guided weapons in combat was during the 2003 Iraq War, when sandstorms rendered laser and electro‑optical guidance systems ineffective and JDAMs were used instead to conduct bombing.
- It looks dumb, but it’s smarter than your average lieutenant!!

The KGGB is the Korean GPS‑Guided Bomb. It uses GPS/INS guidance and consists of a guidance kit developed in Korea attached to the existing MK‑82 bomb. It is an indigenous smart bomb co‑developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As you can see, additional wings are installed, increasing its maximum range to more than three times that of the GBU‑31.  

More importantly, it offers a significant advantage in terms of compatibility between the guided bomb and different aircraft. Conventional guided bombs generally require a system‑integration process with the aircraft before they can be employed. In contrast, the KGGB can be used on any aircraft that can carry the MK‑82, without additional integration.

- From our current location, if released, it could fly all the way to Yeosu Airport and accurately strike its target.

On the mannequin here, you can see the actual flight gear worn by fighter pilots. The G‑suit worn by the pilot helps prevent blackouts during rapid, high‑G maneuvers, and the oxygen mask attached to the helmet provides a constant supply of oxygen.

In an emergency, the pilot performs an ejection. Under the ejection seat you see here, a pilot survival pack is installed, and it separates together with the pilot when he or she leaves the aircraft. The survival items and life raft contained in the pack increase the pilot’s chances of survival in extreme situations.

The 20 mm cannon is an internally mounted aircraft gun. It can fire up to 1,700 rounds per minute and is installed on the F‑5 fighter, where it is used for both air‑to‑air engagements and close air support against ground targets.

Next, I will explain the last type of bombs we will cover: air‑to‑ground guided bombs.  
The GBU‑39 you see here is a small GPS‑guided bomb that is much smaller than the bombs introduced earlier. Its accuracy is similar to that of JDAM, with a CEP of about 13 m, and it is a 250‑pound‑class bomb designed to minimize collateral damage outside the target area. On the F‑15K, up to 20 of these bombs can be carried, giving it the advantages of a large payload and a long standoff range.

As we have discussed, air‑to‑ground guided bombs have excellent performance, but in general they have relatively short ranges and are not well suited for engaging moving targets such as vehicles, tanks, and ships. To overcome these limitations, propulsion systems were added to extend their range and allow them to maneuver to follow moving targets—this is how air‑to‑ground missiles were developed.

The first of these is the short‑range air‑to‑ground missile AGM‑65D/G. It is one of the older air‑to‑ground missiles and is guided using imaging infrared (IIR) technology, which provides tracking after launch. Like AMRAAM, it has a fire‑and‑forget capability, and the pilot can view real‑time thermal imagery on a cockpit display. Because the missile is guided using the image on the screen, it is highly accurate.

Next, I will introduce our medium‑ to long‑range air‑to‑surface (and anti‑ship) missiles. The Harpoon and SLAM‑ER are both variants of the AGM‑84. Harpoon, like the AIM‑120, uses active radar and also employs GPS/INS, and it was developed to attack maritime targets. As you can see in the illustration, it flies close to the sea surface in a sea‑skimming profile to evade radar detection and can strike targets at ranges of roughly 170 km or more. The SLAM‑ER uses GPS/INS and IIR guidance and has a maximum range of about 270 km. It is designed primarily for precision strikes against fixed targets, and because it can perform terrain‑following flight, it can engage targets while remaining outside the engagement envelopes of surface‑to‑air missile systems. Thanks to its use of thermal imagery, the SLAM‑ER achieves higher accuracy than the Harpoon.

The AGM‑88 HARM is a long‑range air‑to‑ground missile. It detects the emissions from enemy air‑defense radars and similar systems and homes in on them by passively tracking the source of those signals. It is used primarily to destroy radar sites. Although its accuracy is lower than that of other guided weapons, its warhead produces about 13,000 fragments. It is a key weapon in electronic warfare operations, and with its high speed and integrated detect‑to‑engage capability, it plays a major role in helping friendly forces secure air superiority.

Finally, I will explain our rockets.  
The LAU‑3 launcher is used to fire 2.75‑inch rockets. These are unguided weapons with no special guidance system. They are mainly used for air‑to‑ground close air support, and their warheads can be configured in various types, such as fragmentation and incendiary, for destructive purposes or for marking target locations. They are now seldom used in actual missions.

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### 3. TA‑50 Block 2

(Refers to image 7.)

Since December 2023, the TA‑50 Block 2 aircraft have been introduced and operationally deployed with the 1st Fighter Wing. On the TA‑50 Block 2, the AIM‑9 Sidewinder missiles described earlier can be carried—one missile on each wingtip launcher, for a maximum of two. Up to eight MK‑82 bombs can be loaded in total on the inner and outer pylons combined.

The air‑to‑ground missile AGM‑65 Maverick, displayed toward the rear, is a guided missile that tracks targets using TV and infrared imaging sensors, making it an all‑weather missile capable of accurate engagement in both day and night, under almost any weather conditions. A camera in the missile’s nose sends the target image to a cockpit display, allowing the pilot to visually confirm the target. The TA‑50 Block 2 can carry up to four Mavericks, one on each inner and outer pylon.

Next to it is the JDAM precision‑guided bomb, which is a conventional bomb fitted with a GPS guidance kit, enabling all‑weather precision bombing. There are many JDAM variants depending on the combination of bomb body and guidance kit. The JDAM that can be carried by the TA‑50 Block 2 is the GBU‑38, which consists of an MK‑82 bomb with a GPS guidance kit. The aircraft can carry up to four of these—one on each inner and outer pylon.

In addition, the aircraft is equipped with an internal 20 mm cannon, and LAU‑3 2.75‑inch rocket launchers can be mounted on the inboard and outboard pylons in various combinations, depending on the mission.


---





1. Opening & Overview
"I will explain the armaments in the following order: Air-to-Air Missiles, Air-to-Ground Bombs, and finally, Air-to-Ground Missiles."

2. AIM-9P (Short-Range A2A)
"The AIM-9P you see here is a representative short-range air-to-air missile.
It uses IR (Infrared) homing, meaning its seeker tracks the target's heat source to intercept it. Specifically, the seeker detects the engine exhaust heat of an enemy aircraft, and once the pilot achieves a 'Lock-on,' the missile is launched.
With a range of 4.5 km, it is simple and cost-effective, yet highly lethal in rear-aspect dogfights. Upon detonation, it disperses about 1,300 fragments, causing significant damage not just by direct impact but also by proximity. Currently, it is mainly used for training."

3. AIM-9X (Advanced Short-Range A2A)
"Next is the AIM-9X.
It features an upgraded infrared guidance system and utilizes HOBS (High Off-Boresight) technology linked with the pilot's helmet. This allows for all-aspect targeting—front, rear, and even below the aircraft.
With extreme maneuverability up to 50G and an extended range of about 22 km, it vastly improves pilot survivability and combat capability compared to the 'P' model. We have a short video demonstrating the helmet integration system, which we will watch after the next missile explanation."

4. AIM-120 AMRAAM (Medium-Range A2A)
"Next is the AIM-120C, a medium-range air-to-air missile.
You might ask, why develop the AIM-120 when we have the AIM-9? The answer lies in its purpose. While the AIM-9 is for visual, close-range combat, the AIM-120 is designed to detect enemies via radar from long distances and execute a preemptive strike.
(Note: Its range is approx. 14 times that of the AIM-9P and 3 times that of the AIM-9X.)

The AIM-120 utilizes INS (Inertial Navigation System) for mid-course flight and switches to active radar homing in the terminal phase to find the target on its own. This capability is called 'Fire-and-Forget,' allowing the pilot to immediately engage other threats after launch.
It is the primary weapon for BVR (Beyond Visual Range) engagements, enabling surprise attacks before the enemy's early warning systems can react. It also generates about 1,300 fragments upon detonation."

(Video Break)
"Now that we've covered air-to-air missiles, let's watch the video, and then I will move on to Air-to-Ground Bombs."

5. MK-82 (General Purpose Bomb)
"When people think of 'bombing,' they usually imagine the characteristics of a standard bomb. The most representative one is the MK-82.
Classified as a General Purpose (GP) bomb, it is a 500-pound unguided free-fall weapon. Due to its low cost and high versatility, it is heavily utilized by the ROK Air Force.

However, before modern avionics, accuracy was a major issue. For instance, during the Vietnam War, pilots relied on visual sights, so accuracy was quite low. It often took dozens or even hundreds of sorties just to destroy a single bunker.
According to GICHD data, the CEP (Circular Error Probability) of an MK-82 dropped from 15,000 feet is about 95 meters.
This inaccuracy led to collateral damage and increased operational costs, giving rise to the concept of the 'Smart Bomb'—attaching guidance kits to existing dumb bombs."

6. Laser Guided Bombs (GBU-12 / GBU-24)
"This evolution started with Laser Guidance Kits, as seen on the GBU-12 and GBU-24.
Both use Semi-Active Laser Homing. Unlike the AIM-120's active radar, these bombs do not emit their own signal. Instead, they require an external source (like the aircraft) to 'paint' the target with a laser. The bomb's seeker then tracks the reflected laser energy to the target.
The difference is the warhead: the GBU-12 uses the 500-pound MK-82, while the GBU-24 uses the much larger 2,000-pound BLU-109 penetrator.
While laser guidance improved CEP to 5~10 meters, it still had limitations, leading to further developments."

7. JDAM (GPS/INS Guided Bomb)
"Next came the GPS and INS guidance systems.
Laser guidance can be disrupted by weather (clouds, smoke), but JDAM is an all-weather weapon. It has no range restrictions regarding laser designation and is ideal for striking large, fixed structures.
Its CEP is about 13 meters, which might seem less precise than lasers, but its reliability in all conditions and ease of operation make it a preferred choice.
A classic example is the 2003 Iraq War, where JDAMs were used effectively during sandstorms that rendered laser and optical weapons useless.
There is a saying: 'It looks dumb, but it's smarter than your average lieutenant!'"

8. KGGB (Korean GPS Guided Bomb)
"The KGGB is a Korean GPS-guided bomb. Developed jointly by KAI and LIG NEX1, it attaches a domestic guidance kit to a standard MK-82.
As you can see, it features extended wings, increasing its maximum range to more than three times that of the GBU-31.
A key advantage is its compatibility. While most smart bombs require complex system integration with the aircraft, the KGGB can be operated from any jet capable of carrying an MK-82 without special modifications.
If dropped from here, it could glide all the way to Yeosu Airport to precisely strike a target."

9. Pilot Gear & Survival Equipment
"Here on the mannequin, you can see actual pilot flight gear.
The G-suit prevents G-LOC (loss of consciousness) during high-G maneuvers, and the oxygen mask ensures a steady supply of oxygen.
In emergencies, pilots must eject. Located under the seat is a Survival Kit that ejects with the pilot. It contains a life raft and survival supplies essential for staying alive in extreme conditions."

10. 20mm Vulcan Cannon
"The 20mm Cannon is internally mounted on aircraft like the F-5. Capable of firing 1,700 rounds per minute, it is used for both air-to-air combat and Close Air Support (CAS)."

11. GBU-39 (Small Diameter Bomb)
"Moving on to the last of the bombs, the GBU-39 or SDB.
This is a small, 250-pound GPS-guided bomb. It matches the JDAM's accuracy (13m CEP) but is designed to minimize collateral damage. Its compact size allows an F-15K to carry up to 20 rounds, and it boasts a significant standoff range."

12. Introduction to A2G Missiles
"While guided bombs are excellent, they generally have shorter ranges and struggle against moving targets like tanks or ships. To overcome this, we use Air-to-Ground Missiles, which have propulsion systems and advanced seekers."

13. AGM-65 Maverick (Short-Range)
"First is the AGM-65D/G Maverick.
It uses IIR (Imaging Infrared) guidance and has a Fire-and-Forget capability. The pilot can view the target scene in real-time via a cockpit display. Because it guides based on the video image, it is highly accurate."

14. AGM-84 Harpoon & SLAM-ER (Medium/Long-Range)
"Next are the Harpoon and SLAM-ER, both based on the AGM-84 airframe.
The Harpoon uses active radar guidance and GPS/INS, designed for naval targets. It performs sea-skimming (flying close to the water) to evade radar and can hit targets over 170 km away.
The SLAM-ER uses GPS/INS and IIR, with a range of 270 km. It is designed for precision strikes on fixed targets and can perform terrain-following flight to avoid detection. Its IIR seeker makes it more accurate than the standard Harpoon."

15. AGM-88 HARM (Anti-Radiation)
"The AGM-88 HARM tracks enemy radar emissions to destroy air defense sites.
While less precise than other guided weapons, its 13,000 fragments ensure destruction of radar antennas. It is a core asset for SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses) missions, securing air superiority for our forces."

16. 2.75-inch Rockets (LAU-3)
"Finally, the LAU-3 launcher fires 2.75-inch rockets. These are unguided and used for Close Air Support to suppress an area or mark targets. Their usage has declined in recent years."

17. TA-50 Block 2 Capabilities
(Referring to Image 7)
"Lastly, let me introduce the armament capabilities of the TA-50 Block 2, which was deployed to the 1st Fighter Wing in December 2023.

Air-to-Air: It can carry two AIM-9 Sidewinders on the wingtip launchers (one on each side).
Air-to-Ground Bombs: It can carry up to eight MK-82 bombs on the inner and outer pylons.
Air-to-Ground Missiles: The AGM-65 Maverick, which I explained earlier as an all-weather IIR missile, allows the pilot to see the target via the cockpit Multifunction Display (MFD). The TA-50 can carry up to four Mavericks (one on each pylon).
JDAM: Specifically, it operates the GBU-38, which is the GPS-guided version of the MK-82. Like the Maverick, it can carry up to four rounds.
Others: It also features an internal 20mm gun and can be equipped with the LAU-3 rocket launchers on the inboard/outboard pylons depending on the mission profile."
"This concludes the briefing on our armaments. Thank you."



















### 1. 일반인용 (For General Public)
**(이미지 1, 2, 3에 해당)**

**[일반인용]**

안녕하십니까 제1전투비행단 무장전시관에 오신 여러분을 환영합니다.
저는 오늘 브리핑을 맡은 00중대장 00 000입니다.
먼저 무장전시관에 대한 간략한 소개를 드리겠습니다.

제1전투비행단 무장전시관은 2014년도부터 운영 중이며, 약 100평 규모로 이루어져 있습니다. 공대공/공대지 유도탄과, 공대지 폭탄, 기총 및 기총 탄약 등 각종 무장을 전시하고 있습니다. 그 이외에도 조종사 생존성 향상을 위한 항공장구 및 생활 용품들도 확인하실 수 있습니다.

본격적으로 무장 소개를 시작하겠습니다. 무장 소개는 정면을 기준으로 오른쪽부터 시계방향으로 진행하겠습니다.

먼저 공대공 미사일에 대해서 설명 드리겠습니다.
앞으로 설명드릴 항공탄약은 크게 미사일과 폭탄으로 구분해서 생각하시면 되겠습니다. 미사일은 탄의 후미에서 열이 뿜어져 나오면서 "발사"되는 종류이고, 폭탄은 투하라는 말이 어울리게 항공기에서 떨어뜨리는 개념으로 생각하시면 되겠습니다.

현재 여러분 앞에 있는 AIM-9P는 대표적인 단거리 공대공 미사일입니다. 적외선 추적방식을 사용하고 있고 적기 배기열에 Lock on 후 발사하는 형태입니다. 저렴하고 단순하지만 적 후방에서 매우 효과적인 무장이며 현재는 주로 훈련용으로 사용하고 있습니다.

다음으로 AIM-9X에 대해서 설명드리겠습니다. 적외선 유도 방식과 헬멧 연동 조준을 사용하는 이 무장은 전방/후방 가리지 않고 전방위 타격이 가능합니다. 뛰어난 기동성을 가지고 있어 AIM-9P 대비 전투기 생존성과 교전 능력을 크게 향상하였습니다. 헬멧과 연동이 된다는 내용은 영상으로 준비하였습니다. 다음 미사일 설명 후 영상 시청하시겠습니다.

다음은 AIM-120 중거리 공대공 미사일입니다.
AIM-9이 있음에도 AIM-120이 개발된 이유는 그 목적성에 있습니다. AIM-9은 단거리 공대공 미사일인 만큼 이미 적기가 보이고 근접 전투를 해야하는 상황에서 사용하나, AIM-120의 경우 장거리에서 레이더로 적을 탐지하고 선제적으로 공격하는 것이 목적입니다.
* AIM-9P 대비 약 14배, AIM-9X 대비 3배의 사거리

AIM-120은 능동 레이더 유도 방식으로써 발사 후 자체 탐색이 가능합니다. 이러한 유도 방식은 발사 후 조종사가 해당 무장에 대해서 잊어버리고 즉시 다른 표적에 요격을 할 수 있도록 하고 이것을 Fire-and-Forget이라고 합니다. 전방 교전 및 장거리 교전에서 주력으로 사용하고 있고 적 조기경보시스템에 탐지되기 전 기습이 가능하다는 특징이 있습니다.

현재까지 공중에서 적을 요격하는 공대공 미사일에 대해 설명드렸습니다.

다음은 공대지 일반폭탄(Bomb) 대해서 설명드리겠습니다.
흔히 폭격이라고 하면 떠오르는 이미지가 Bomb의 특성을 나타냅니다. 그 중 가장 대표적인 폭탄이 MK-82입니다. 비유도 자유낙하 방식으로 투하를 하는 500파운드급 일반 목적용 폭탄입니다. 유도 키트 부착 전 기본 탄으로써 다양한 유도 키트의 기반이 됩니다. 단가가 저렴하고 범용성이 우수하다는 점에서 우리 공군에서 활용도가 매우 크다고 할 수 있습니다.

하지만 현재처럼 항공기의 기능이 고도화되기 전, 예를 들어 베트남 전쟁 당시에는 비유도 폭탄의 정확성이 현저히 낮아서 벙커 하나를 파괴하기 위해 수십에서 수백 번의 폭격을 수행했다고 합니다.

이 정확성 문제는 민간인 피해와 작전 비용 증가라는 문제를 야기하였는데, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존 폭탄에 유도 키트를 장착하여 정밀유도폭탄(Smart Bomb)이라는 개념이 등장합니다.

그 시작은 다음 보시는 GBU-12/24와 같이 레이저 유도 키트를 장착하며 시작됩니다. 두 폭탄 모두 실시간 레이저 pointing을 통해 표적을 찾아 정밀 타격을 주로 수행합니다. 다음 두 폭탄의 차이는 12가 MK-82를 탄두로 하고 있고 24는 그보다 훨씬 큰 2000파운드급 BLU-109을 탄두로 사용하고 있다는 점입니다.

유도키트는 앞서 보았던 AIM-9과 같은 적외선 유도 방식, 추후 설명드릴 AGM-65의 영상 유도 방식 순으로 발전하게 되는데, 현재 대한민국 공군에서 운용하는 “폭탄” 중에는 해당 유도방식을 사용하는 경우가 드물어 해당 내용은 공대지 미사일 소개 시 설명드리도록 하겠습니다.

그 다음으로는 GPS 및 INS를 사용하는 유도방식이 등장하였습니다.
레이저로 유도되는 폭탄은 기상에 따라 레이저의 성능이 달라지고 정밀도에 영향이 발생합니다. 하지만 JDAM과 같은 GPS/INS 기반의 유도방식은 날씨 영향이 현저히 줄어들게 됩니다. 레이저 조사거리 등의 제약이 없기 때문에 장거리 정찰 기반 타격에 특화되어 있으며 주로 대형 구조물, 고정 목표 타격용으로 사용합니다.
* 03년도 이라크전 당시 모래폭풍 때문에 레이저/영상유도 장치들이 무력화 되었을 때, JDAM을 사용하여 폭격을 수행한 사례가 GPS 유도 방식을 사용한 대표적 사례라고 할 수 있습니다.

KGGB는 한국형 유도 폭탄입니다. GPS/INS 유도 방식을 사용하고 있고 기존 MK-82 폭탄에 한국에서 개발한 유도 키트를 부착하였습니다. KAI와 LIG NEX1이 공동 개발한 국산형 Smart Bomb입니다. 보시는 바와 같이 날개가 추가 장착되어 있어 최대사거리가 GBU-31 대비 약 3배 이상 차이를 보입니다.
* 현재 위치에서 투하 시 여수 공항까지 날아가 목표를 정밀하게 타격할 수 있습니다.

여기 보이시는 마네킹에는 실제 전투 조종사가 비행시 착용하는 항공장구를 확인하실 수 있습니다. 조종사가 입고 있는 G-suit는 항공기의 급격한 기동시 조종사 기절을 막아줄 수 있으며 Helmet에 장착된 산소마스크를 통해 일정한 산소를 공급받을 수 있습니다.

조종사는 위급한 상황 발생시 Ejection, 긴급 사출을 실시하게 됩니다. 여기 보이시는 조종석 하단에 조종사 생존팩이 내장되어 있는데 조종사가 항공기로부터 이탈시 같이 이탈하게 됩니다. 조종사 생존팩에 동봉되어 있는 생활용품과 구명정은 극한 상황에서 조종사의 생존률을 높일 수 있습니다.

20mm 기관포는 항공기 기체에 내장된 기관포입니다. 분당 1700발이 발사 가능하고 F-5 전투기에 장착되어 공대공 및 근접지상지원용으로 사용하게 됩니다.

다음은 마지막으로 설명드릴 공대지 유도폭탄입니다.
지금 보시는 GBU-39는 앞서 보신 폭탄들에 비해 크기가 굉장히 작은 소형 GPS 유도 폭탄입니다. 정밀도가 높고 침투력이 우수하여, 표적 이외 간접피해를 최소화를 목적으로 만들어진 250파운드 급 폭탄으로 가벼운 만큼 많은 양을 장착할 수 있는 것과 긴 사거리가 장점입니다.

설명드린 바와 같이 성능이 뛰어난 공대지 유도폭탄들이 있으나, 대체로 사거리가 짧고 차량, 전차, 선박과 같은 움직이는 표적에 대한 타격이 어려운 것이 단점입니다. 따라서 해당 단점을 보완하기 위해 추진체를 장착하여 사거리를 늘리고, 표적의 움직임에 따라 향해 기동할 수 있도록 만들어졌습니다.

가장 먼저 단거리 공대지 미사일 AGM-65D/G입니다. 공대지 미사일 중 오래된 편이며 적외선 열 영상 기술(IIR)을 활용해 유도되며 발사 후 추적 기능이 있습니다. AMRAAM과 같은 Fire-and-Forget 기능이며 A-10, F-16 등에서 운용하고 있습니다.

다음으로 중장거리 공대지(함) 미사일에 대해서 소개해드리겠습니다. Harpoon과 SLAM-ER은 같은 AGM-84 모델입니다. Harpoon은 능동 레이더를 사용하고 해상 목표물 타격용으로 개발되었습니다. 낮은 고도로 접근해 레이더를 회피하며 사거리가 약 120km 이상의 목표물도 타격할 수 있습니다. SLAM-ER은 GPS/INS 및 IIR 유도 방식을 사용합니다. 고정표적 정밀타격이 가능하고 지형 회피 비행이 가능해 지상 표적까지 포함해 타격 목표를 설정할 수 있습니다.

AGM-88 HARM은 장거리 공대지 미사일입니다. 적 방공 레이더 등의 주파수를 탐지하고 신호추적을 통해 자동으로 표적에 유도됩니다. 전자전 작전에서 핵심적인 무장이며 빠른 속도와 탐지-타격이 일체화되어 아군의 제공권 확보에 큰 역할을 수행하고 있습니다.

마지막으로 로켓 계열에 대해서 설명드리겠습니다. LAU-3 발사대는 2.75인치 Rocket을 발사하는 장비입니다. 특별한 유도 기능이 있는 무장은 아닙니다. 공대지 근접 지원용으로 주로 사용하며 파편, 소이탄 등 탄두를 다양하게 설정할 수 있습니다. 빠른 반응성, 대량 살포에 효과적입니다.

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### 2. 군관계자용 (For Military Personnel)
**(이미지 4, 5, 6에 해당)**

**[군관계자용]**

안녕하십니까 제1전투비행단 무장전시관에 오신 여러분을 환영합니다.
저는 오늘 브리핑을 맡은 00중대장 00 000입니다.
먼저 무장전시관에 대한 간략한 소개를 드리겠습니다.

제1전투비행단 무장전시관은 2014년도부터 운영 중이며, 약 100평 규모로 이루어져 있습니다. 공대공/공대지 유도탄과, 공대지 폭탄, 기총 및 기총 탄약 등 각종 무장을 전시하고 있습니다. 그 이외에도 조종사 생존성 향상을 위한 항공장구 및 생활 용품들도 확인하실 수 있습니다.

본격적으로 무장 소개를 시작하겠습니다. 무장 소개는 정면을 기준으로 오른쪽부터 시계방향으로 진행하겠습니다.

먼저 공대공 미사일, 공대지 폭탄, 공대지 미사일 순으로 설명 드리겠습니다.
다음 보시는 AIM-9P는 대표적인 단거리 공대공 미사일입니다. IR 유도방식 즉 적외선을 탄두의 Seeker가 추적하여 목표물을 요격하는 방식입니다. 적 항적의 배기의 열을 Seeker가 탐지하고 조종사의 조작에 따라 Lock on하여 발사하는 형태입니다. 사거리는 4.5km로 저렴하고 단순하지만 단거리 Dogfight 시 적 후방에서의 공격에 매우 효과적입니다. 직접 타격뿐 아니라 근접 후 약 1300개의 파편으로 적에게 피해를 줄 수 있습니다.
현재는 주로 훈련용으로 사용하고 있습니다.

다음은 AIM-9X에 대해서 설명드리겠습니다. 업그레이드 된 적외선 유도 방식과 HOBS라고 하는 헬멧 연동 기술을 사용하여 전후방, 하방까지 가리지 않고 전방위 타격이 가능합니다. 또한 뛰어난 50G기동성을 및 약 22km의 사거리를 가지고 있어 AIM-9P 대비 전투기 생존성과 교전 능력을 크게 향상하였습니다. 헬멧과 연동하는 내용은 간단히 영상으로 준비하였습니다. 다음 미사일 설명 후 영상 시청하시겠습니다.

다음은 AIM-120C 중거리 공대공 미사일입니다.
AIM-9이 있음에도 AIM-120이 개발된 이유는 그 목적성에 있습니다. AIM-9은 단거리 공대공 미사일인 만큼 이미 적기가 보이고 근접 전투를 해야하는 상황에서 사용하나, AIM-120의 경우 장거리에서 레이더로 적을 탐지하고 선제적으로 공격하는 것이 목적입니다.
* AIM-9P 대비 약 14배, AIM-9X 대비 3배의 사거리

중거리 공대공 미사일 AIM-120C AMRAAM은 관성항법장치인 INS를 활용하여 비행 후 종말단계에서 능동 레이더 유도 방식을 사용하여, 발사 후 자체 탐색이 가능합니다. 아시는 바와 같이 AMRAAM이 자체적으로 레이더를 발사 후 반사파를 따라 요격하는 형식입니다. 이러한 유도 방식은 발사 후 조종사가 해당 무장에 대해서 잊어버리고 즉시 다른 표적에 요격을 할 수 있도록 하고 이것을 Fire-and-Forget이라고 합니다. 전방 교전 및 장거리 교전에서 주력으로 사용하고 있고 적 조기경보시스템에 탐지되기 전 기습이 가능하다는 특징이 있습니다. 약 1300개의 파편효과를 수반합니다.

현재까지 공중에서 적을 요격하는 공대공 미사일에 대해 설명드렸습니다. 잠시 영상 시청 후 공대지 일반폭탄(Bomb) 대해서 설명드리겠습니다.

흔히 폭격이라고 하면 떠오르는 이미지가 Bomb의 특성을 나타냅니다. 그 중 가장 대표적인 폭탄이 MK-82입니다. MK-82는 일반목적탄으로 분류되며, 비유도 자유낙하 방식으로 투하 하는 500파운드급의 가장 일반적인 폭탄으로 단가가 저렴하고 범용성이 우수하다는 점에서 우리 공군에서 활용도가 매우 큰 폭탄입니다.

하지만 현재처럼 항공기의 기능이 고도화되기 전에는 육안과 조준 스코프만으로 투하를 했기 때문에 정확도가 더 낮았습니다, 예를 들어 베트남 전쟁 당시에는 비유도 폭탄의 정확성이 현저히 낮아서 벙커 하나를 파괴하기 위해 수십에서 수백 번의 폭격을 수행했다고 합니다.

* 공군 탄약 핸드북에도 MK-82 CEP 관련 내용은 없지만 GICHD에서 공지한 MK-82 무장 특성에서 15000FT에서 투하시 CEP가 약 95m로 되어 있음
* GICHD: Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining 전쟁 잔해 폭발물 제거 기술과 정책 연구 수행

이 정확성 문제는 민간인 피해와 작전 비용 증가라는 문제를 야기하였는데, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존 폭탄에 유도 키트를 장착한 정밀유도폭탄(Smart Bomb)이라는 개념이 등장합니다.

그 시작은 다음 보시는 GBU-12/24와 같이 레이저 유도 키트를 장착하며 시작됩니다. 두 폭탄 모두 반능동 레이저 유도방식을 통해 표적을 찾아 정밀 타격을 주로 수행합니다. 반능동 레이저 유도 방식은 앞서 설명드린 AIM-120의 능동 유도방식과는 다르게 탄에 레이저 조사장치가 없어 다른 기기의 도움이 필요한 방식입니다. 예를 들어 항공기에서 표적을 향해 레이저를 조사하면 해당 반사파를 탄두의 Seeker가 탐지하여 표적까지 유도하게 됩니다. 다음 두 폭탄의 차이는 12가 500파운드의 MK-82를 탄두로 하고 있고 24는 그보다 훨씬 큰 2000파운드급 BLU-109을 탄두로 사용하고 있다는 점입니다.

70년대 GBU-12 도입으로 CEP가 5~10m까지 정밀해지게 되지만, 여전히 문제점은 남아있었고 유도방식은 레이저 유도 방식 이후로 앞서 보았던 AIM-9과 같은 적외선 유도 방식, 추후 설명드릴 AGM-65의 영상 유도 방식 순으로 발전하게 되는데, 현재 대한민국 공군에서 운용하는 “폭탄” 중에는 해당 유도방식을 사용하는 경우가 드물어 해당 내용은 공대지 미사일 소개 시 설명드리도록 하겠습니다.

그 다음으로는 GPS 및 INS를 사용하는 유도방식이 등장하였습니다.
레이저 유도 폭탄은 기상에 따라 레이저의 성능이 달라지고 정밀도에 영향이 발생하지만, JDAM과 같은 GPS/INS 기반의 유도방식은 날씨 영향이 미미하고, 레이저 조사거리 등의 제약이 없기 때문에 전천후 폭탄으로 활용됩니다. 주로 대형 구조물, 고정 목표 타격용으로 사용합니다. CEP는 13m 정도로 레이저 폭탄 대비 낮아보이나, 주/야간 전천후 활용성이 높고 레이저 폭탄 대비 조립/운용이 간단하여 주로 사용됩니다.
* 03년도 이라크전 당시 모래폭풍 때문에 레이저/영상유도 장치들이 무력화 되었을 때, JDAM을 사용하여 폭격을 수행한 사례가 GPS 유도 방식을 사용한 대표적 사례라고 할 수 있습니다.
* It looks dumb, but it's smarter than your average lieutenant!!

KGGB는 한국형 유도 폭탄입니다. GPS/INS 유도 방식을 사용하고 있고 기존 MK-82 폭탄에 한국에서 개발한 유도 키트를 부착하였습니다. KAI와 LIG NEX1이 공동 개발한 국산형 Smart Bomb입니다. 보시는 바와 같이 날개가 추가 장착되어 있어 최대사거리가 GBU-31 대비 약 3배 이상 증가하였습니다.
무엇보다도 유도폭탄과 항공기와의 호환성 면에서 굉장한 장점이 있습니다. 기존 유도폭탄들은 항공기와의 체계통합 과정이 선행되어야 운용할 수 있지만 KGGB의 경우 MK-82가 장착 가능한 기종에 별도 체계통합 없이도 운용할 수 있습니다.
* 현재 위치에서 투하 시 여수 공항까지 날아가 목표를 정밀하게 타격할 수 있습니다.

여기 보이시는 마네킹에는 실제 전투 조종사가 비행시 착용하는 항공장구를 확인하실 수 있습니다. 조종사가 입고 있는 G-suit는 항공기의 급격한 기동시 조종사 기절을 막아줄 수 있으며 Helmet에 장착된 산소마스크를 통해 일정한 산소를 공급받을 수 있습니다.

조종사는 위급한 상황 발생시 Ejection, 긴급 사출을 실시하게 됩니다. 여기 보이시는 조종석 하단에 조종사 생존팩이 내장되어 있는데 조종사가 항공기로부터 이탈시 같이 이탈하게 됩니다. 조종사 생존팩에 동봉되어 있는 생활용품과 구명정은 극한 상황에서 조종사의 생존률을 높일 수 있습니다.

20mm 기관포는 항공기 기체에 내장된 기관포입니다. 분당 1700발이 발사 가능하고 F-5 전투기에 장착되어 공대공 및 근접지상지원용으로 사용하게 됩니다.

다음은 마지막으로 설명드릴 공대지 유도폭탄입니다.
지금 보시는 GBU-39는 앞서 보신 폭탄들에 비해 크기가 굉장히 작은 소형 GPS 유도 폭탄입니다. 정밀도는 JDAM과 동일하게 13m이며, 표적 이외 간접피해를 최소화를 목적으로 만들어진 250파운드 급 폭탄입니다. F-15K 항공기 기준 20발이 탑재 가능할 정도로 많은 양을 장착할 수 있는 것과 긴 사거리가 장점입니다.

설명드린 바와 같이 성능이 뛰어난 공대지 유도폭탄들이 있으나, 대체로 사거리가 짧고 차량, 전차, 선박과 같은 움직이는 표적에 대한 타격이 어려운 것이 단점입니다. 따라서 해당 단점을 보완하기 위해 추진체를 장착하여 사거리를 늘리고, 표적의 움직임에 따라 향해 기동할 수 있도록 만들어졌습니다.

가장 먼저 단거리 공대지 미사일 AGM-65D/G입니다. 공대지 미사일 중 오래된 편이며 적외선 열 영상 기술(IIR)을 활용해 유도되며 발사 후 추적 기능이 있습니다. AMRAAM과 같은 Fire-and-Forget 기능이며 조종석에 내장된 화면을 통해 실시간으로 (열)영상을 확인할 수 있습니다. 화면을 따라 유도하는 만큼 정확도가 높습니다.

다음으로 중장거리 공대지(함) 미사일에 대해서 소개해드리겠습니다. Harpoon과 SLAM-ER은 같은 AGM-84 모델입니다. Harpoon은 AIM-120과 같이 능동 레이더를 사용하고 GPS/INS를 사용하며 해상 목표물 타격용으로 개발되었습니다. 그림에서 보시는 것과 같이 해면 근접비행을 통해 레이더를 회피하며 사거리가 약 170km 이상의 목표물도 타격할 수 있습니다. SLAM-ER은 GPS/INS 및 IIR 유도 방식을 사용하며 최대 사거리는 약 270km입니다. 고정표적 정밀타격을 주 목적으로 하고 지형 회피 비행이 가능해 지대공 위협 사거리 밖에서 요격할 수 있습니다. 열영상을 사용하는 SLAM-ER이 Harpoon 대비 정확도가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.

AGM-88 HARM은 장거리 공대지 미사일입니다. 적 방공 레이더 등의 방사신호를 탐지하고 신호 역추적을 통해 목표물을 추적하는 방식으로. 주로 레이더 기지 파괴를 목적으로 운용합니다. 정확도는 타 유도무기에 비해 낮으나 13000개의 파편효과가 있어, 전자전 작전에서 핵심적인 무장이며 빠른 속도와 탐지-타격이 일체화되어 아군의 제공권 확보에 큰 역할을 수행하고 있습니다.

마지막으로 로켓에 대해서 설명드리겠습니다. LAU-3 발사대는 2.75인치 Rocket을 발사하는 장비입니다. 특별한 유도 기능은 없으며 공대지 근접 지원용으로 주로 사용하며 파편, 소이탄 등 탄두를 다양하게 설정하여 파괴 목적으로 사용하거나 표적의 위치를 표시하는 식으로 활용합니다. 현재는 임무에 거의 활용하지 않는 추세입니다.

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### 3. TA-50 Block2 관련 내용
**(이미지 7에 해당)**

**TA-50 Block2 관련 내용**

2023년 12월부터 제1전투비행단에 도입/전력화되어 임무수행 중인 TA-50 Block2 항공기에는 앞서 설명드린 AIM-9(SIDEWINDER)가 양쪽 Wingtip의 Launcher에 각 1발씩 최대 2발, MK-82가 내외측 파일런 합쳐서 최대 8발 장착가능합니다.
뒤쪽에 전시되어있는 공대지 미사일 AGM-65(MAVERICK)은 TV 및 적외선 영상장치로 목표물을 추적하는 유도탄으로 주·야간, 어떠한 기상조건에서도 명중이 가능한 전천후 유도탄입니다.
미사일 앞쪽에 카메라가 달려있어 조종석의 전방시현장치로 미사일의 표적 영상을 직접 확인할 수 있으며, 내외측 파일런 각 1발씩 최대 4발 장착 가능합니다.
그 옆에 있는 정밀유도폭탄 JDAM은 재래식 폭탄에 GPS 유도 키트를 부착한 전천후 정밀 폭격이 가능한 폭탄으로 재래식 폭탄 및 유도키트의 조합에 따라 그 종류가 다양합니다. TA-50 BLOCK2 항공기에 장착 가능한 JDAM은 MK-82에 GPS 유도키트를 부착한 GBU-38로, 마찬가지로 각각 내외측 파일런에 각 1발씩 최대 4발 장착 가능합니다.
그 밖에도 20mm 기총이 내장되어있으며, LAU-3 2.75inch Rocket Launcher가 임무에 따라 다양한 조합으로 Inboard/Outboard Pylon에 장착가능합니다.


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## 1. For General Public

Welcome to the 1st Fighter Wing Armament Exhibition Hall.
I am Captain ___ ___, commander of ___ Company, and I will be your briefer today.
First, I’ll give you a short overview of this facility.

The 1st Fighter Wing’s Armament Exhibition Hall has been in operation since 2014 and covers about 330 square meters. On display you can see a variety of aircraft weapons, including air‑to‑air and air‑to‑surface guided missiles, air‑to‑surface bombs, the aircraft gun and gun ammunition. In addition, we also exhibit flight gear and survival equipment used to improve a pilot’s survivability.

I will now begin the weapons orientation. I will brief from your front, starting on the right-hand side and moving clockwise.

First, I will introduce our air‑to‑air missiles.
The aircraft munitions I’ll discuss today can broadly be divided into missiles and bombs. Missiles are weapons that are “launched,” with a rocket motor producing thrust from the rear of the weapon. Bombs, by contrast, are “dropped” from the aircraft and fall to the target, which is why we use the term “bomb drop.”

Right in front of you is the AIM‑9P, a representative short‑range air‑to‑air missile. It uses infrared homing, locking onto the heat from an enemy aircraft’s exhaust before launch. It is relatively cheap and simple, but very effective when fired from the rear of an enemy aircraft in a close‑range engagement. Today it is used mainly for training.

Next is the AIM‑9X. This missile also uses infrared guidance, but is coupled with a helmet‑mounted cueing system. This allows the pilot to engage targets in virtually any direction—front, rear, and off to the sides—simply by looking at them. Thanks to its very high maneuverability, it greatly improves fighter survivability and air‑to‑air combat capability compared to the AIM‑9P. We have prepared a short video to show how the missile works with the pilot’s helmet; we will watch that after the next missile explanation.

Next is the AIM‑120 medium‑range air‑to‑air missile.
Even though we already had the AIM‑9, the AIM‑120 was developed for a different purpose. The AIM‑9 is a short‑range missile, used once the pilot has already visually acquired the enemy and is in a close‑in dogfight. The AIM‑120, by contrast, is designed to detect and engage enemy aircraft at long range using radar, enabling pre‑emptive beyond‑visual‑range engagements.

Compared to the AIM‑9P, the AIM‑120 has roughly 14 times the range, and about three times the range of the AIM‑9X.

The AIM‑120 uses active radar guidance, and can search for and track the target on its own after launch. Because the missile can guide independently after launch, the pilot can “fire and forget,” immediately switching to another target. The AIM‑120 is our primary weapon for forward‑sector and beyond‑visual‑range engagements, and its long‑range surprise attack capability allows us to strike before the enemy’s early‑warning systems can react.

Up to this point, I have covered air‑to‑air missiles used to intercept enemy aircraft.

Next, I will introduce air‑to‑surface unguided bombs.
When people think of “bombing,” the image they picture is usually that of unguided bombs. The most typical example is the MK‑82. This is a 500‑pound general‑purpose bomb, delivered as a free‑fall, unguided weapon. It is the baseline warhead to which various guidance kits can be attached. Because it is inexpensive and extremely versatile, it is one of the most widely used bombs in our Air Force.

However, before aircraft systems became as sophisticated as they are today—for example, during the Vietnam War—the accuracy of unguided bombing was very poor. It could take dozens or even hundreds of bombing runs just to destroy a single bunker.

This lack of accuracy increased civilian casualties and drove up operational costs. To solve these problems, engineers began adding guidance kits to existing bombs, creating what we now call precision‑guided munitions, or “smart bombs.”

The first of these were laser‑guided bombs such as the GBU‑12 and GBU‑24 you see here. Both use real‑time laser designation of the target for precision strike. The difference between them is the warhead: the GBU‑12 uses the 500‑pound MK‑82, while the GBU‑24 uses the much larger 2,000‑pound class BLU‑109.

Over time, guidance kits evolved from simple laser guidance to infrared seekers, like those used on the AIM‑9, and then to electro‑optical/TV seekers like those used on the AGM‑65 Maverick, which I will explain later. In the ROK Air Force, however, very few “bombs” currently in service use these latter types of guidance; I will cover those concepts again during the air‑to‑surface missile portion.

Subsequently, guidance systems using GPS and INS were developed.
Laser‑guided bombs can be affected by weather conditions, which degrade laser performance and therefore impact accuracy. GPS/INS‑based systems, like the JDAM family, are far less sensitive to weather. Because they are not limited by laser line‑of‑sight, they are optimized for long‑range, standoff attacks based on reconnaissance, and are mainly used against large structures and fixed targets.
A well‑known example is from the 2003 Iraq War, when sandstorms rendered many laser and imaging guidance systems ineffective; JDAMs, using GPS guidance, were still able to be used effectively in bombing operations.

KGGB is a Korean‑developed guided bomb. It uses GPS/INS guidance and consists of a guidance kit developed in Korea attached to a standard MK‑82 bomb. It is an indigenous smart bomb jointly developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As you can see, it has deployable wings, giving it more than three times the range of a comparable GBU‑31.
From this location, a KGGB dropped here could glide all the way to Yeosu Airport and accurately strike a designated target.

The mannequin you see here is wearing the same flight gear worn by our fighter pilots on real missions. The G‑suit the pilot is wearing helps prevent loss of consciousness during high‑G maneuvers. The oxygen mask attached to the helmet supplies a continuous flow of oxygen.

In an emergency, the pilot will initiate ejection from the aircraft. Installed under the ejection seat is a pilot survival pack, which separates from the aircraft together with the pilot. The survival equipment and life raft in the pack are designed to maximize the pilot’s chances of survival in extreme conditions.

This 20mm cannon is an internal gun mounted in the aircraft fuselage. It can fire up to 1,700 rounds per minute and is installed on aircraft such as the F‑5, where it is used both for air‑to‑air engagements and for close air support against ground targets.

Finally, I will introduce air‑to‑surface guided bombs.
The GBU‑39 you see here is a very small GPS‑guided bomb compared to the other bombs we’ve discussed. It is a 250‑pound weapon with high accuracy and strong penetration, designed to minimize collateral damage outside the target area. Because it is relatively light, an aircraft can carry many of them, and they also have a long standoff range.

As we have seen, modern air‑to‑surface guided bombs are very capable. However, most of them still have relatively short range and are not well‑suited for engaging moving targets such as vehicles, tanks, or ships. To overcome these limitations, missiles with their own propulsion were developed, which extend range and allow the weapon to maneuver in flight to follow moving targets.

First is the short‑range air‑to‑surface missile AGM‑65D/G Maverick. This is one of the older air‑to‑surface missiles, guided by imaging infrared (IIR) and equipped with a post‑launch tracking capability. Like the AMRAAM, it is a true fire‑and‑forget weapon and is operated from platforms such as the A‑10 and F‑16.

Next, I will introduce medium‑ and long‑range air‑to‑surface (and anti‑ship) missiles. The Harpoon and SLAM‑ER are both variants of the AGM‑84 family. Harpoon uses active radar guidance and is designed for engaging naval targets at sea. It executes low‑altitude, sea‑skimming flight profiles to evade radar and can strike targets at ranges of over 120 km. SLAM‑ER uses GPS/INS plus imaging infrared guidance. It can conduct precision strikes on fixed targets and terrain‑following flight, allowing it to attack targets on land as well as at sea.

The AGM‑88 HARM is a long‑range air‑to‑surface missile. It detects and homes on the emissions of enemy air defense radars and similar systems, automatically guiding itself to the source of the signal. It is a key weapon for electronic warfare and suppression of enemy air defenses. With its high speed and integrated detect‑and‑attack capability, it plays a major role in helping friendly forces gain and maintain air superiority.

Lastly, I will explain the rocket system. The LAU‑3 launcher fires 2.75‑inch rockets. These rockets are unguided. They are primarily used for close air support against ground targets and can be fitted with various warheads, including fragmentation and incendiary types. They are suited for rapid response and area coverage.

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## 2. For Military Personnel

Welcome to the 1st Fighter Wing Armament Exhibition Hall.
I am Captain ___ ___, commander of ___ Company, and I will be giving today’s briefing.
I will begin with a short introduction to the facility.

The 1st Fighter Wing’s Armament Exhibition Hall has been in operation since 2014 and has a floor area of about 330 square meters. It displays various types of aircraft armament, including air‑to‑air and air‑to‑surface guided missiles, air‑to‑surface bombs, the aircraft gun, and gun ammunition. You can also see flight gear and survival equipment used to enhance pilot survivability.

We will now begin the armament briefing. I will brief from your front, starting on the right‑hand side and moving clockwise.

I will explain the weapons in the order of air‑to‑air missiles, air‑to‑surface bombs, then air‑to‑surface missiles.
First, the AIM‑9P, a representative short‑range air‑to‑air missile. It is an IR‑guided missile, where the seeker in the nose tracks infrared emissions from the target. The seeker detects the heat from the enemy aircraft’s exhaust, the pilot commands lock‑on, and then launches. It has a range of about 4.5 km. It is low‑cost and simple, but very effective in short‑range dogfights, particularly for tail‑aspect shots. In addition to direct impact, it produces about 1,300 fragments to damage the target. It is now primarily used as a training round.

Next is the AIM‑9X. This missile uses an advanced IR seeker and HOBS (high off‑boresight) helmet‑mounted cueing. As a result, it can engage targets in any direction—front, rear, and even far off the nose line, including below the aircraft. With up to 50 g maneuver capability and a range of roughly 22 km, it dramatically improves fighter survivability and engagement capability compared to the AIM‑9P. We have prepared a short video on helmet cueing; we will watch it after the next missile.

Next is the AIM‑120C medium‑range air‑to‑air missile.
Although the AIM‑9 already existed, the AIM‑120 was developed to fulfill a different mission. The AIM‑9 is a short‑range missile used in visual‑range, close‑in engagements. The AIM‑120, however, is designed for long‑range engagements, detecting and engaging the enemy using radar before visual contact.
Its range is about 14 times that of the AIM‑9P and about three times that of the AIM‑9X.

The AIM‑120C AMRAAM is a medium‑range air‑to‑air missile that uses an inertial navigation system (INS) during mid‑course and active radar homing in the terminal phase. After launch, the missile can autonomously search and home on the target with its own radar, tracking the return signal. Because of this fire‑and‑forget capability, the pilot can break lock and immediately prosecute another target. AMRAAM is our primary weapon for frontal and beyond‑visual‑range engagements and enables surprise attacks before the enemy’s early‑warning systems react. Warhead effects include approximately 1,300 fragments.

This concludes the air‑to‑air missile portion. We will now watch a short video, and then move on to air‑to‑surface bombs.

When you think of bombing, the image you have in mind usually reflects the characteristics of unguided bombs. The most typical example is the MK‑82. It is a 500‑pound general‑purpose bomb delivered as a free‑fall, unguided weapon. It is inexpensive and highly versatile, making it one of the most heavily used bombs in the ROKAF.

Before aircraft avionics were as advanced as they are now, bombs were delivered using only visual cues and basic optical sights, so accuracy was much lower. For example, during the Vietnam War, unguided bomb accuracy was so poor that it sometimes took dozens to hundreds of sorties to destroy a single bunker.

(The ROKAF Ammunition Handbook does not list a CEP for MK‑82, but the GICHD characteristics sheet gives a CEP of about 95 m from 15,000 ft.)
*GICHD is the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, which conducts research on the technology and policy aspects of explosive remnants of war.*

This inaccuracy led to increased civilian casualties and higher operational costs. To solve this, guidance kits were added to existing bombs, leading to the concept of precision‑guided munitions, or “smart bombs.”

The first step was the addition of laser guidance kits, as seen on the GBU‑12 and GBU‑24. Both employ semi‑active laser homing for precision engagement of targets. In a semi‑active system—unlike the active radar guidance we discussed with AMRAAM—the bomb itself does not emit the laser energy. It depends on another source, such as the launching aircraft or a designator on the ground, to “paint” the target. The bomb’s seeker then homes on the reflected laser energy. The difference between the two bombs is the warhead: the GBU‑12 uses a 500‑pound MK‑82, while the GBU‑24 uses a much larger 2,000‑pound BLU‑109.

With the introduction of GBU‑12s in the 1970s, CEP was reduced to about 5–10 meters, but some issues still remained. After laser guidance, bomb guidance technology continued to evolve—first to infrared seekers like those on the AIM‑9, and then to imaging seekers like those on the AGM‑65 Maverick, which I will cover in the missile section. However, very few bombs currently in ROKAF service use these guidance modes, so I will revisit them when we discuss air‑to‑surface missiles.

Next came guidance systems using GPS and INS.
Laser‑guided bombs suffer from weather‑dependent performance; clouds, dust, and precipitation can degrade accuracy. JDAM‑type GPS/INS weapons, however, are minimally affected by weather and are free from laser line‑of‑sight limitations, making them true all‑weather munitions. They are mainly used against large, fixed targets such as key infrastructure. CEP is around 13 m, which appears worse than laser‑guided bombs, but their day/night, all‑weather utility and simpler assembly and employment procedures have made them the primary workhorse.
A well‑known example is the 2003 Iraq War, where sandstorms degraded most laser and imaging guidance systems, yet JDAMs continued to be used effectively for bombing.
*“It looks dumb, but it’s smarter than your average lieutenant!!”*

KGGB is a Korean‑made guided bomb. It uses GPS/INS guidance and consists of a locally developed guidance kit attached to an MK‑82 warhead. It is an indigenous smart bomb jointly developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As you can see, the wing kit significantly extends its range, giving it more than three times the maximum standoff distance of a GBU‑31.
Most importantly, KGGB has major advantages in terms of aircraft compatibility. Conventional guided bombs generally require a full integration process with the aircraft’s avionics before they can be employed. In contrast, any aircraft capable of carrying MK‑82s can carry and employ KGGB without a separate weapon‑system integration effort.
From this location, a KGGB released here could glide to Yeosu Airport and accurately engage a designated target.

The mannequin displays the flight gear worn by an operational fighter pilot. The G‑suit prevents G‑LOC (G‑induced loss of consciousness) during high‑G maneuvers, and the oxygen mask attached to the helmet provides continuous oxygen supply.

In an emergency, the pilot will eject from the aircraft. Under the ejection seat is a pilot survival pack that separates with the pilot during ejection. The survival items and life raft in the pack are designed to enhance pilot survivability under extreme conditions.

The 20mm cannon you see is an internally mounted aircraft gun. It fires up to 1,700 rounds per minute and is installed on aircraft such as the F‑5, where it is used for both air‑to‑air employment and close air support.

Finally, I will introduce air‑to‑surface guided bombs.
The GBU‑39 you see here is a small‑diameter, GPS‑guided bomb compared to the other bombs we have discussed. Its CEP is about 13 m, similar to JDAM, and it is a 250‑pound weapon designed to minimize collateral damage. On an F‑15K, up to 20 GBU‑39s can be carried, allowing a high number of precision engagements per sortie, with the added advantage of long standoff range.

As mentioned earlier, air‑to‑surface guided bombs are very capable, but they typically have relatively short range and are not ideal for engaging moving targets such as vehicles, tanks, or ships. To mitigate these shortcomings, propulsion systems were added to extend range, and guidance systems were enhanced to allow the weapon to maneuver and track moving targets.

First is the short‑range air‑to‑surface missile AGM‑65D/G Maverick. It is one of the older air‑to‑surface missiles in service, guided by imaging infrared (IIR), and features a lock‑on‑after‑launch tracking capability. Like AMRAAM, it is a fire‑and‑forget weapon. The pilot can view the missile’s seeker image in real time on a cockpit display, and because the missile is guided using that live IR video, accuracy is very high.

Next, I will brief the medium‑ and long‑range air‑to‑surface (and anti‑ship) missiles. Harpoon and SLAM‑ER are both part of the AGM‑84 series. Harpoon uses active radar guidance similar to AIM‑120 and also uses GPS/INS, and is optimized for anti‑ship engagements. As shown in the illustration, it flies a low‑altitude, sea‑skimming profile to evade radar, and can engage naval targets at ranges beyond 170 km. SLAM‑ER uses GPS/INS plus IIR guidance, with a maximum range of about 270 km. It is designed primarily for precision strikes on fixed targets, and its terrain‑following capability allows it to engage from outside enemy surface‑to‑air threat envelopes. The imaging IR guidance of SLAM‑ER gives it higher accuracy than Harpoon.

The AGM‑88 HARM is a long‑range air‑to‑surface missile. It detects the emissions of enemy air defense radars and similar systems and homes on them via passive signal tracking. It is primarily employed to destroy radar sites. While its accuracy is lower than that of other precision‑guided munitions, its warhead produces around 13,000 fragments, and it is a key asset in electronic warfare and suppression of enemy air defenses. Its high speed and integrated detect‑to‑engage capability make a major contribution to securing friendly air superiority.

Lastly, I will cover rockets. The LAU‑3 launcher fires 2.75‑inch rockets. These are unguided munitions, primarily used for close air support against ground targets. With various warheads—such as fragmentation and incendiary types—they can be used for area suppression, destruction, or simple target marking. They are now rarely employed in actual missions.

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## 3. TA‑50 Block 2

Now I will explain how these weapons relate to the TA‑50 Block 2, which has been deployed and operational with the 1st Fighter Wing since December 2023.

The TA‑50 Block 2 can carry the AIM‑9 Sidewinder we discussed earlier—one missile on each wingtip launcher, for a maximum of two missiles. It can also carry up to eight MK‑82 bombs in total on the inboard and outboard wing pylons.

The AGM‑65 Maverick air‑to‑surface missile displayed behind you uses TV and infrared imaging to track its targets. It is an all‑weather missile capable of accurate engagement day or night and in virtually any weather conditions. A camera in the nose of the missile provides live video to the head‑up display or cockpit screens, so the pilot can see the target image directly. The TA‑50 Block 2 can carry up to four Mavericks, one on each inboard and outboard pylon.

Next to it is the JDAM precision‑guided bomb, which is a conventional bomb equipped with a GPS guidance kit, providing all‑weather precision strike capability. There are many variants depending on the combination of bomb body and guidance kit. The JDAM that can be carried by the TA‑50 Block 2 is the GBU‑38, which is an MK‑82 bomb fitted with a GPS guidance kit. The aircraft can carry up to four GBU‑38s, one on each inboard and outboard pylon.

In addition, the TA‑50 Block 2 is equipped with an internal 20mm gun, and it can also carry LAU‑3 2.75‑inch rocket launchers on the inboard and outboard pylons in various combinations depending on mission requirements.

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### 1. For General Public
**(Corresponds to Images 1, 2, 3)**

**[For General Public]**

Good morning/afternoon. Welcome to the 1st Fighter Wing Munitions Exhibition Hall.
I am Captain [Name], the Company Commander of [Unit], and I will be conducting today’s briefing.
First, I would like to give you a brief introduction to the exhibition hall.

The 1st Fighter Wing Munitions Exhibition Hall has been in operation since 2014 and covers an area of approximately 330 square meters (100 *pyeong*). We display various armaments, including air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles, bombs, aircraft guns, and ammunition. Additionally, you can view aircrew flight equipment (AFE) and survival gear designed to enhance pilot survivability.

We will now begin the introduction to the munitions. We will proceed clockwise, starting from the right side of the front entrance.

First, let me explain Air-to-Air Missiles (AAM).
To understand the munitions I will be describing, you can divide them into two main categories: Missiles and Bombs. Think of a **Missile** as a weapon that is "fired" using propulsion from heat generated at the rear, whereas a **Bomb** is "dropped" or released from the aircraft, fitting the concept of gravity delivery.

The **AIM-9P** currently in front of you is a representative short-range air-to-air missile. It uses an infrared (IR) tracking method, locking onto the exhaust heat of an enemy aircraft before firing. While cheap and simple, it is a highly effective weapon when attacking from the enemy's rear. Currently, it is primarily used for training purposes.

Next is the **AIM-9X**. Using advanced infrared guidance and Helmet Mounted Cueing System (HMCS) technology, this weapon allows for all-aspect engagement—meaning it can target enemies from the front, rear, or sides. It possesses superior maneuverability, significantly enhancing fighter survivability and engagement capabilities compared to the AIM-9P. We have prepared a video to demonstrate how it links with the helmet. We will watch it after the next missile description.

Next is the **AIM-120** medium-range air-to-air missile.
The reason the AIM-120 was developed, despite the existence of the AIM-9, lies in its purpose. While the AIM-9 is used for "Dogfights" (close-range combat) where the enemy is visible, the AIM-120 is designed to detect enemies via radar from long distances and strike preemptively.
*   *Range: Approx. 14 times that of the AIM-9P, and 3 times that of the AIM-9X.*

The AIM-120 uses active radar guidance, meaning it can track the target on its own after launch. This "Fire-and-Forget" capability allows the pilot to launch the weapon and immediately maneuver to engage other targets. It is the main weapon for frontal and long-range engagements, capable of surprising the enemy before they detect us on their early warning systems.

So far, I have explained air-to-air missiles used to intercept enemies in the sky.

Next, I will explain **Air-to-Ground General Purpose Bombs**.
The image that typically comes to mind when you hear "bombing" represents the characteristics of a Bomb. The most representative of these is the **MK-82**. It is a 500-pound class general-purpose bomb dropped via unguided free-fall. It serves as the base warhead before guidance kits are attached. Due to its low cost and excellent versatility, it is highly utilized by the ROK Air Force.

However, before aircraft capabilities became as advanced as they are today—for example, during the Vietnam War—the accuracy of unguided bombs was significantly low. It is said that dozens to hundreds of bombing runs (sorties) were required to destroy a single bunker.

This lack of accuracy caused civilian casualties and increased operational costs. To solve these problems, the concept of the **"Smart Bomb" (Precision Guided Munition)** emerged by attaching guidance kits to existing bombs.

This began with the **GBU-12/24**, which you see next, equipped with laser guidance kits. Both bombs primarily perform precision strikes by seeking a target designated by real-time laser pointing. The difference between the two is that the GBU-12 uses the MK-82 warhead, while the GBU-24 uses the much larger 2,000-pound BLU-109 warhead.

Guidance kits evolved from the infrared method seen in the AIM-9 to the video/optical guidance method of the AGM-65, which I will explain later. However, since few "bombs" currently operated by the ROK Air Force use these specific methods, I will cover that technology during the air-to-ground missile introduction.

Next came guidance methods using **GPS and INS**.
Laser-guided bombs are affected by weather, which can degrade laser performance and accuracy. However, GPS/INS-based guidance systems, like the **JDAM**, are significantly less affected by weather. Since they do not have constraints like laser designation range, they are specialized for long-range strikes based on reconnaissance data, primarily used for large structures or fixed targets.
*   *A representative example of GPS guidance utility is the 2003 Iraq War, where JDAMs were used to execute bombing missions when sandstorms neutralized laser and video-guided weapons.*

The **KGGB** is a Korean GPS Guided Bomb. It uses GPS/INS guidance and attaches a Korean-developed guidance kit to the existing MK-82 bomb. It is a domestic Smart Bomb jointly developed by KAI and LIG Nex1. As you can see, wings are attached, extending its maximum range to about three times that of the GBU-31.
*   *If dropped from our current location, it could fly to Yeosu Airport and precisely strike a target.*

On the mannequin here, you can see the actual **Aircrew Flight Equipment (AFE)** worn by combat pilots. The **G-suit** prevents the pilot from losing consciousness (G-LOC) during high-G maneuvers, and the oxygen mask attached to the **Helmet** provides a constant supply of oxygen.

In an emergency, the pilot will initiate an **Ejection**. A pilot survival kit is embedded in the bottom of the seat you see here, which ejects with the pilot. The survival aids and life raft included in the kit increase the pilot's survival rate in extreme conditions.

The **20mm Cannon** is a gun built internally into the aircraft frame. Capable of firing 1,700 rounds per minute, it is mounted on F-5 fighters and used for air-to-air combat and Close Air Support (CAS).

Finally, I will explain the Air-to-Ground Guided Bomb.
The **GBU-39** you see now is a Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) utilizing GPS guidance, significantly smaller than the bombs viewed previously. It is a 250-pound class bomb designed to minimize collateral damage while maintaining high precision and penetration capability. Its advantages are its long range and the ability to carry a high quantity due to its light weight.

As explained, while high-performance air-to-ground guided bombs exist, they generally have short ranges and difficulty striking moving targets like vehicles, tanks, or ships. To address these shortcomings, **Air-to-Ground Missiles** were created by adding propulsion to extend range and maneuverability to track moving targets.

First is the short-range air-to-ground missile, **AGM-65D/G (Maverick)**. It is a relatively older missile that uses Infrared Imaging (IIR) for guidance and has a track-after-launch function. Like the AMRAAM, it features Fire-and-Forget capability and is operated on aircraft such as the A-10 and F-16.

Next, I will introduce medium-to-long-range air-to-ground (and anti-ship) missiles. The **Harpoon** and **SLAM-ER** are both variants of the AGM-84 model. The Harpoon uses active radar and was developed for striking maritime targets. It approaches at a low altitude (sea-skimming) to evade radar and can strike targets over 120 km away. The SLAM-ER uses GPS/INS and IIR guidance. It allows for precision strikes on fixed targets and can perform terrain-following flight, enabling it to target land-based objectives as well.

The **AGM-88 HARM** is a long-range air-to-ground missile. It detects the frequencies of enemy air defense radars and automatically homes in on the target by tracking the signal. It is a core weapon in Electronic Warfare (EW) operations, playing a major role in securing air superiority through its high speed and integrated detection-strike capability.

Finally, let me explain the rocket series. The **LAU-3 launcher** is equipment used to fire 2.75-inch rockets. These do not have special guidance functions. They are primarily used for Close Air Support (CAS), and warheads can be configured variously, such as high-explosive fragmentation or incendiary. They are effective for rapid response and area saturation.

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### 2. For Military Personnel
**(Corresponds to Images 4, 5, 6)**

**[For Military Personnel]**

Good morning/afternoon. Welcome to the 1st Fighter Wing Munitions Exhibition Hall.
I am Captain [Name], the Company Commander of [Unit], and I will be conducting today’s briefing.
First, I would like to give you a brief introduction to the exhibition hall.

The 1st Fighter Wing Munitions Exhibition Hall has been in operation since 2014 and covers an area of approximately 330 square meters. We display various armaments, including air-to-air/air-to-ground guided missiles, bombs, aircraft guns, and ammunition. Additionally, you can view aircrew flight equipment and survival gear designed to enhance pilot survivability.

We will now begin the munitions introduction. We will proceed clockwise from the right.

I will explain in the order of Air-to-Air Missiles, Air-to-Ground Bombs, and Air-to-Ground Missiles.
The **AIM-9P** you see here is a representative short-range air-to-air missile. It uses an IR guidance method—specifically, the seeker in the warhead tracks infrared radiation to intercept the target. The seeker detects the heat from the enemy aircraft's exhaust, and upon the pilot's command, it locks on and fires. It has a range of 4.5 km. While cheap and simple, it is highly effective for rear-aspect attacks during short-range Dogfights. In addition to direct impact, it can inflict damage via approximately 1,300 fragments upon proximity detonation. Currently, it is used primarily for training.

Next is the **AIM-9X**. Using an upgraded infrared guidance system and helmet-linked technology known as **HOBS (High Off-Boresight)**, it allows for all-aspect engagement—front, rear, and even below the aircraft. It boasts a 50G maneuverability and a range of approx. 22 km, significantly improving survivability and engagement capability compared to the AIM-9P. We have a short video prepared regarding the helmet integration. We will view it after the next missile description.

Next is the **AIM-120C** medium-range air-to-air missile.
The AIM-120 was developed to fulfill a specific purpose distinct from the AIM-9. While the AIM-9 is for visual range/close combat (WVR), the AIM-120 is designed for Beyond Visual Range (BVR) engagement, detecting enemies via radar for preemptive strikes.
*   *Range: Approx. 14x AIM-9P, 3x AIM-9X.*

The AIM-120C AMRAAM utilizes INS (Inertial Navigation System) for mid-course flight and switches to active radar guidance for the terminal phase, allowing it to track the target autonomously. As you know, the AMRAAM emits its own radar signals and tracks the reflection. This provides **"Fire-and-Forget"** capability, allowing the pilot to immediately engage other targets after launch. It is the primary weapon for frontal and long-range engagements and allows for surprise attacks before detection by enemy Early Warning (EW) systems. It produces a fragmentation effect with roughly 1,300 fragments.

So far, I have explained air-to-air intercept missiles. After a brief video, I will explain Air-to-Ground General Purpose Bombs.

The image that typically comes to mind when you hear "bombing" represents the characteristics of a Bomb. The most representative is the **MK-82**. Classified as a General Purpose (GP) bomb, it is a 500lb class weapon dropped via unguided free-fall. Its low unit cost and high versatility make it a staple in ROKAF operations.

However, before aircraft capabilities were modernized, drops relied on visual confirmation and aiming scopes, resulting in low accuracy. For instance, during the Vietnam War, the low accuracy of unguided bombs meant dozens to hundreds of sorties were required to destroy a single bunker.
*   *While the Air Force Munitions Handbook does not list MK-82 CEP, the GICHD (Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining) lists the MK-82 CEP (Circular Error Probable) as approx. 95m when dropped from 15,000 ft.*

This accuracy issue led to collateral damage and increased operational costs, giving rise to the concept of **"Smart Bombs" (Precision Guided Munitions)** by equipping guidance kits to standard bombs.

This began with the **GBU-12/24**, equipped with laser guidance kits. Both utilize Semi-Active Laser (SAL) guidance for precision strikes. Unlike the active guidance of the AIM-120, the semi-active method requires external assistance as the bomb lacks a laser designator. The aircraft (or ground unit) designates the target with a laser, and the warhead's seeker tracks the reflected energy. The difference is that the GBU-12 uses a 500lb MK-82 warhead, while the GBU-24 uses a 2,000lb BLU-109 penetrator.

The introduction of the GBU-12 in the 70s improved CEP to 5–10m, but issues remained. Guidance evolved from laser to Infrared (like the AIM-9) and Video guidance (AGM-65). However, since ROKAF rarely uses these methods for "bombs" currently, I will cover them under missiles.

Next came guidance using **GPS and INS**.
While laser-guided bombs suffer accuracy degradation due to weather, GPS/INS-based systems like the **JDAM** are minimally affected by weather and have no laser designation constraints, making them true all-weather munitions. They are used for large structures and fixed targets. The CEP is around 13m—nominally higher than laser bombs—but their high all-weather utility and simpler assembly/operation compared to laser bombs make them widely used.
*   *The 2003 Iraq War is a prime example where JDAMs were used effectively when sandstorms neutralized laser/video-guided assets.*
*   *Joke: "It looks dumb, but it's smarter than your average lieutenant!!"*

The **KGGB** is the Korean GPS Guided Bomb. It utilizes GPS/INS guidance and attaches a Korean-developed kit to the MK-82. Co-developed by KAI and LIG Nex1, it features a wing kit that extends the range to more than three times that of the GBU-31.
Most importantly, it offers excellent compatibility. While typical guided bombs require prior system integration with the aircraft, the KGGB can be operated on any aircraft capable of carrying an MK-82 without separate system integration.
*   *From this location, it can reach Yeosu Airport with precision.*

The mannequin displays the **Aircrew Flight Equipment (AFE)**. The **G-suit** prevents G-LOC during high-G maneuvers, and the helmet's oxygen mask ensures consistent oxygen supply.

In emergencies, pilots execute an **Ejection**. The pilot survival kit integrated into the seat pan ejects with the pilot, containing survival aids and a raft to enhance survivability in extreme environments.

The **20mm Cannon** is an internal gun capable of 1,700 RPM, mounted on the F-5 for air-to-air and CAS missions.

Finally, the Air-to-Ground Guided Bomb, **GBU-39**.
This **Small Diameter Bomb (SDB)** utilizes GPS guidance. It maintains a CEP of 13m (same as JDAM) but is a 250lb class weapon designed to minimize collateral damage. An F-15K can carry up to 20 rounds, offering high payload capacity and long standoff range.

Despite the high performance of guided bombs, they generally lack range and struggle against moving targets (vehicles, tanks, ships). Therefore, **Air-to-Ground Missiles** were developed, adding propulsion for range and maneuverability for dynamic targeting.

First, the **AGM-65D/G (Maverick)** short-range missile. Using IIR guidance, it features track-after-launch and Fire-and-Forget capabilities. Pilots can view real-time (thermal) imagery in the cockpit, ensuring high accuracy by guiding via the visual feed.

Next are the medium-to-long-range missiles, **Harpoon** and **SLAM-ER**, both AGM-84 variants. The **Harpoon** uses active radar and GPS/INS, designed for anti-ship missions. It performs sea-skimming to evade radar, striking targets over 170 km away. The **SLAM-ER** utilizes GPS/INS and IIR, with a max range of approx. 270 km. It is capable of precision strikes on fixed targets and terrain following, allowing it to engage from outside the range of surface-to-air threats (Standoff). The IIR guidance makes the SLAM-ER more accurate than the Harpoon.

The **AGM-88 HARM** is a long-range anti-radiation missile. It detects and traces enemy air defense radar signals (SEAD mission). While its physical accuracy (CEP) is lower than other guided weapons, its 13,000 fragments compensate for this. It is critical for electronic warfare and securing air superiority via rapid detection-to-strike capabilities.

Finally, the **LAU-3 Rocket Launcher** fires 2.75-inch rockets. Unguided, they are used for CAS with various warheads (fragmentation, incendiary) for destruction or target marking. Their usage is currently declining.

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### 3. TA-50 Block 2 Details
**(Corresponds to Image 7)**

**TA-50 Block 2 Details**

The **TA-50 Block 2** aircraft, which has been introduced and fielded by the 1st Fighter Wing as of December 2023, is capable of carrying the following munitions:

It can carry a maximum of two **AIM-9 (Sidewinder)** missiles, with one mounted on each **Wingtip Launcher**. Additionally, it can carry up to eight **MK-82** bombs across its inboard and outboard pylons.

The Air-to-Ground Missile **AGM-65 (Maverick)**, displayed in the rear, is a guided missile that tracks targets using TV and Infrared Imaging systems. It is an all-weather missile capable of striking targets day or night in any weather condition.
A camera mounted on the nose of the missile allows the pilot to verify the target image directly via the cockpit's Multi-Function Display (MFD). The aircraft can carry up to four Mavericks, with one on each inboard and outboard pylon.

Next to it is the **JDAM**, a precision-guided bomb that attaches a GPS guidance kit to a conventional bomb, enabling all-weather precision bombing. There are various types depending on the combination of the conventional warhead and the guidance kit. The TA-50 Block 2 is compatible with the **GBU-38**, which attaches a GPS kit to the MK-82. It can carry a maximum of four GBU-38s, one on each inboard and outboard pylon.

Additionally, the aircraft features an internal **20mm gun**, and **LAU-3 2.75-inch Rocket Launchers** can be mounted on the Inboard/Outboard Pylons in various combinations depending on the mission profile.



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운영지침 21-7

본 운영지침(OI)은 제8군수정비대대의 품질 보증 평가 프로그램을 수립한다. 본 지침은 미 공군(USAF)/대한민국 공군(ROKAF) 탄약 요원을 위한 명확한 절차를 보장한다. 본 운영지침은 한미 공군 탄약지원 협정(MAGNUM) 및 미 공군(USAF)과 대한민국 공군(ROKAF)이 공동으로 관리하는 탄약 저장 구역의 운영을 표준화한다.

1. 관련 근거. 양해각서 FB52CX-MOUI-2004; DAFMAN 21-201, 탄약 관리; DAFMAN 21-201_7AFSUP, 탄약 관리; DAFMAN 21-200, 탄약 및 유도탄 정비 관리.

2. 일반 사항. 미 공군 품질 보증 평가관(QAE)은 기술 지원을 제공하고, 안전 기준을 집행하며, 대한민국 공군의 관리, 저장, 검사 및 정비 절차를 평가한다. 품질 보증 평가관은 대한민국 공군의 임무 수행 및 완료된 작업을 감독 또는 평가한다. 단, 품질 보증 평가관은 대한민국 공군 담당 장교/부사관에게 통보 없이 대한민국 공군에 대한 평가를 문서화하지 않는다.

3. 목적.
1. 본 프로그램의 목표는 다음과 같다:
1. 한미 공군 탄약지원 협정(MAGNUM) 시설 및 긴급사용탄약 저장고(RMSA)에서 수행되는 탄약 운영을 평가한다.
2. 미 공군 소유의 전쟁 예비 물자(WRM) 탄약이 미 공군 기술 지시서, DAFMAN 21-201, DESR 6055.09_DAFMAN91-201, 및 MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004에 따라 유지 및 관리되도록 보장한다.

4. 교육
1. 신규 인원은 품질 보증 평가관(QAE) 절차를 숙지하기 위한 초기 교육을 받는다. 이 교육에는 대한민국 공군과 미 공군 간의 언어 및 문화적 장벽, 평가 유형, 평가 횟수, 문서화, 사용 용어, 평가 절차, 그리고 검사 전후 평가 대상자 브리핑 방법이 포함된다. 초기 교육은 필기시험을 포함하며, 수료 여부는 첨부 1에 기록된다.
2. 정비 표준화 및 평가 프로그램(MSEP)은 품질 보증 평가관(QAE) 인증에 필요한 검사 유형과 횟수를 결정한다. 신규 보직 품질 보증 평가관은 60일 이내에 모든 실기 평가를 통과해야 한다. 기간 연장은 탄약반장의 승인을 받아야 한다.
3. 또한, 품질 보증 평가관은 기체정비사 공군 자격 교육 계획(AFQTP)에 따라 인증을 받아야 한다.
4. 모든 품질 보증 평가관은 DAFMAN 21-201, 7AFSUP, MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004, 현장 운영 지침 및 DAFMAN 21-200 제7장에 대한 숙달도를 입증해야 한다.
5. 품질 보증 평가관 교육 및 인증은 품질 보증 평가관 인증 문서(첨부 1)를 활용하여 기록되며, 선임 품질 보증 평가관(SQAE)과 탄약반장이 서명한다.
6. 재평가는 분기별로 수행되며 필기시험과 실기 평가(PE)로 구성된다.

5. 선임 품질 보증 평가관(SQAE) 직책. 선임 품질 보증 평가관은 다음을 수행한다:
1. 모든 품질 보증 평가관(QAE)이 첨부 2의 교육 과정을 따르고 첨부 1에 나열된 항목에 능숙하도록 보장한다.
2. 정비 표준화 및 평가 프로그램(MSEP)을 검토하고 감독한다. 품질 보증 평가관/대한민국 공군 인원에게 MSEP 데이터 접근 권한을 제공한다.
3. 분기별 MSEP 회의에 참석한다.
4. MSEP 검사 이행 상태를 반영하는 월간 정비 검사 시스템(MIS) 보고서를 검토하고 대한민국 공군 MAGNUM 담당 장교에게 제공한다.
5. 결함 사항 발견 시 대한민국 공군 담당 장교에게 통보한다. 부정적인 경향이 지속될 경우, 제7공군 군수처(A4)와 협조하여 문제 해결을 지원한다.
6. 매월 10일까지 제7공군 군수처 탄약과(A4W)에 월간 MAGNUM 현황 보고서를 제출한다. 보고서는 대한민국 공군의 대금 청구서 검증을 목적으로 매월 마지막 근무일 기준 비축 물자의 숏톤(short ton) 단위 중량을 반영해야 한다. 보고서는 선임 품질 보증 평가관과 해당 대한민국 공군 담당 장교가 서명한다.
7. 주간 및 월간 일정을 작성하고 공표한다. 일정은 대한민국 공군 MAGNUM 담당 장교와 선임 품질 보증 평가관이 검토하고 서명한다.
8. 대한민국 공군 담당 장교에게 정기 감시 검사 일정을 제공하고, 재고 조사 일자를 대한민국 공군 담당 장교 또는 부사관에게 통보한다.
9. 비상 조치 점검표(EAC)를 작성하고 공표한다. 이는 한글과 영어로 작성되며, 대한민국 공군 MAGNUM 담당 장교와 선임 품질 보증 평가관의 승인을 받는다. 비상 조치 점검표는 제7공군 안전처(SEW) 및 군수처 탄약과(A4MW)에 보내져 검토를 받는다. 비상 조치 점검표는 최소한 악천후, 비상 전쟁 명령 통보/조치, 탄약 비상 파기, 화재, 사고/사건, 통신 두절 상황을 포함해야 한다.
10. 폭발물 운영과 관련된 현장 운영 지침(LOI)은 한영 병기하며, 제7공군 군수처 탄약과(A4MW)를 통한 협의 후 탄약반장과 대한민국 공군 담당 장교가 서명한다. 기타 현장 운영 지침은 탄약반장과 대한민국 공군 담당 장교가 결정하여 작성한다.
11. DESR 6055.09_DAFMAN91-201의 요건을 충족하는 폭발물 안전 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 시행한다.
12. 대한민국 공군 담당 장교에게 90일 이내에 예정된 검사 목록을 제공한다.
13. 대한민국 공군 담당 장교 또는 부사관에게 전수 재고 조사 일자를 통보한다.
14. 위 사항 외에도, 선임 품질 보증 평가관은 DAFMAN 21-201_7AFSUP 21-201에 명시된 특정 임무를 따른다.

6. 품질 보증 평가관(QAE) 직책. 품질 보증 평가관은 다음을 수행한다:
1. 안전, 저장 절차, 검사, 정비 조치에 대한 기술 지원 및 감시를 제공한다.
2. 미 공군 정비 품질 기준 준수를 보장하기 위해 정비 표준화 및 평가 프로그램(MSEP)에 따라 진행 중 및 완료된 작업을 검사한다.
1. 검사는 AF 양식 2419에 기록되며 선임 품질 보증 평가관 검토 후 대한민국 공군 담당 장교에게 제공된다. 검사 결과는 정비 검사 시스템(MIS)에 입력된다.
2. 평가/검사 중 식별된 결함 사항을 해결하기 위해 해당되는 경우 교육/지도를 제공한다.
3. 비밀 품목과 관련된 모든 작업 및 모든 반출입 작업에 입회한다. 외국인 접근 불가(NOFORN) 비밀 품목에 대한 기술 자료가 대한민국 공군에 제공되지 않도록 보장한다.
4. 탄약 및 지원 장비의 모든 "레드 엑스(Red X)" 상태 및 공정 중 검사(IPI)에 대해 서명 확인한다.
5. 대구, 광주, 청주, 사천 공군기지에서 MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004에 규정된 월간 구역 검사를 수행한다. 이 검사는 다음을 포함한다:
1. 장비, 공구, 폭발물 시설, 탄약 재고, 폭발물 안전 프로그램, 개인별 교육 기록, 폭발물 구역 내 소방 절차, 식생 관리 및 품질 보증 평가관, 대한민국 공군, 한미 상급 부대에서 결정한 기타 항목에 대한 검사.
1. 이 검사는 AF 양식 2419에 기록 및 철하며, 지적 사항과 시정 조치를 주석으로 명기한다.
6. 폭발물 안전 기준, 기체정비사 인증 및 관련 과업 숙달도 준수 여부를 확인하기 위해 대한민국 공군 교육 프로그램을 평가한다.

7. 자체 점검 요건
1. 대구 및 광주의 선임 품질 보증 평가관은 품질 보증 평가관 프로그램에 대한 반기 점검을 수행한다. 선임 품질 보증 평가관은 각 해당 지역의 프로그램, 품질 보증 평가관 문서, 운영 및 폭발물 설치 장소, 품질 보증 평가관의 역량을 점검한다. 이는 동시에 또는 개별적으로 수행될 수 있으며, 대면 또는 원격으로 진행될 수 있다.

8. 문서 통제 절차
1. 품질 보증 평가관 인증 문서는 \LOCATION에 철하며, 평가관 자격의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 선임 품질 보증 평가관이 분기별로 검토한다.
2. 자체 점검 보고서는 2419 양식에 기록하여 \LOCATION에 철한다.

첨부 1
INITIAL ORIENTATION 초기 교육

A1.1. 선임 품질 보증 평가관(SQAE)은 신규 보직 품질 보증 평가관(QAE)이 MAGNUM 개념, 기지 지원 계획(BSP) 책임 및 전쟁 예비 물자(WRM) 탄약 감시 개념을 이해하도록 초기 교육을 실시한다. 이 브리핑은 보직 후 60일 이내에 완료되어야 한다.

계급/성명:                                        DEROS: DEROS (해외 근무 만료 예정일)

항목	내용
조직 구조	선임 품질 보증 평가관은 부서/MAGNUM 조직 구조/지휘 계통을 설명한다.
QAE 프로그램	교육생은 607MMS 운영지침 21-7 QAE 프로그램을 필독하고 이해해야 한다.
MOUI	교육생은 MOUI를 필독해야 한다. 품질 보증 평가관은 MOUI/MAGNUM 개념을 설명해야 한다.
AFI 21-201, 제20장	교육생은 PACAFSUP을 필독해야 한다. 품질 보증 평가관은 PGM WRM 감시 개념을 설명해야 한다.
OPLAN/CONPLAN	기본 계획 개념과 607MMS 및 MAGNUM의 책임을 논의한다.
IGESP 책임	선임 품질 보증 평가관은 초기 전개, EDM 및 우발상황 시 책임을 설명한다.
MAGNUM 현장 교육	선임 품질 보증 평가관은 신규 보직 QAE가 MAGNUM을 최초 방문하도록 보장한다. 방문 기간 동안 QAE는 긴급사용탄약 저장고(RMSA), WRM 장비/차량을 둘러보고 MAGNUM 담당 장교, 대한민국 공군 부사관 및 기술병과 상견례를 한다.
평가 참관	신규 보직 QAE는 인증된 QAE가 평가를 수행하고 문서화하는 것을 참관한다.
최초 평가	QAE는 첫 평가를 수행하고 문서화하는 과정에서 평가를 받는다. 해당 탄약반장이 평가관의 평가 능력을 신뢰하기 전까지는 인증을 받을 수 없다.
첨부 2
AF 양식 2419 문서화

A2.1. 보고서는 대한민국 공군 담당 장교에게 전달되어 검토된 후 선임 품질 보증 평가관에게 반환되어 철한다.

A2.2. AF 양식 2419는 다음과 같이 작성한다:

    A2.2.1. 제1항 - 배포선에는 제7공군 군수처(A4M), 대한민국 공군 담당 장교 및 607 MMS를 포함해야 한다. 607 MMS는 평가서를 철한다.

    A2.2.2. 제2항 - 부대는 평가 대상인 MAGNUM 부대를 기입한다.

    A2.2.3. 제3항 - 전체 팀에 대한 실기 평가(PE)를 수행하는 경우 팀원들의 이름을 기재하거나, 개인 평가를 받는 개인의 이름을 기재한다. 품질 검증 검사(QVI)의 경우, 작업자를 식별할 수 있다면 해당 작업자의 이름을 이 칸에 기입한다. 자체 점검(SI)의 경우 기입하지 않는다.

    A2.2.4. 제4항 - 공란으로 두거나 "해당 없음(N/A)"을 입력한다.

    A2.2.5. 제5항 - 해당하는 경우, 장비 등급을 입력한다.

    A2.2.6. 제6항 - 해당하는 경우, 인원 과실을 입력한다.

    A2.2.7. 제7항 - 결함 사항이 있는 경우, 범주별로 기입한다.

    A2.2.8. 제8항 - 제7항에서 식별된 결함 사항을 참조하여 기술한다; 기술 지시서(TO) 단계, 공군 지침(AFI) 단락 또는 점검표 단계를 포함한다. 평가 불합격으로 이어진 결함 사항은 반드시 근거를 제시해야 한다.

        A2.2.8.1. 등급을 뒷받침하는 모든 관찰 사항을 기재한다.

        A2.2.8.2. 평가를 요약하고 모든 과거 데이터를 기록한다.

참고: 평가관은 AF 양식 2419에 날짜, 성명 및 계급을 정자로 기입하고 서명한다.

Operating Instruction 21-7

This Operating Instruction (OI) establishes the Quality Assurance Evaluation Program for the 8 Material Maintenance Squadron. It ensures clear procedures for United Stated Air Force (USAF)/Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) munitions personnel. This OI standardizes operations for the Munitions Activities Gained by Negotiations between USAF/ROKAF Memorandum of Understanding (MAGNUMs) and the munitions storage areas co-managed by  United States Air Force (USAF) and Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) operations.

References. Memorandum of Understanding FB52CX-MOUI-2004; DAFMAN 21-201, Munitions Management; DAFMAN 21-201_7AFSUP, Munitions Management; DAFMAN 21-200, Munitions and Missile Maintenance Management.
General. USAF QAE (Quality Assurance Evaluators) will provide technical assistance, enforce safety standards, and assess ROKAF’s management, storage, inspection, and maintenance practices. QAE will monitor or evaluate ROKAF performance and completed work. However, QAE will not document evaluations on ROKAF without notifying the ROKAF OIC/NCOIC.
Purpose.
The objective of this program is to:
Evaluate munitions operations performed at MAGNUMs and Ready Munitions Storage Areas (RMSA).
Ensure USAF owned War Reserve Material (WRM) munitions are maintained according to USAF technical orders, DAFMAN 21-201, DESR 6055.09_DAFMAN91-201, and MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004.
Training
New personnel will receive an initial orientation to review QAE processes. This includes language and cultural barriers between ROKAF and USAF, types of evaluations, quantity of evaluations, documentation, terms used, evaluating procedures, and how to brief individuals being evaluated before and after inspection. Initial orientation will have a written exam, and completion will  be documented on Attachment 1.
The Maintenance Standardization and Evaluation Program (MSEP) will determine the type and quantity of inspections required to certify QAE. Newly assigned QAE must pass all practical evaluations within 60 days. Extensions will be approved by the Munitions Flight Chief.
Additionally, QAE will be certified in accordance with the Crew Chief Air Force Qualification Training Plan (AFQTP).
All QAE must demonstrate proficiency of DAFMAN 21-201, 7AFSUP, MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004, Local Operating Instructions, and DAFMAN 21-200, chapter 7.
QAE training and certification will be documented utilizing the QAE certification document (Attachment 1), signed by the Senior Quality Assurance Evaluator (SQAE) and Munitions Flight Chief.
Re-evaluations will be performed on a quarterly basis and will consist of the written test and a PE practical.
Senior Quality Assurance Evaluator (SQAE) Responsibilities. The SQAE will:
Ensure all QAE Inspectors follow the training curriculum in Attachment 2 and are proficient in items listed in Attachment 1.
Review and monitor the MSEP. Provide QAE/ROKAF personnel access to MSEP data.
Attend quarterly MSEP meetings.
Review monthly Maintenance Inspection System (MIS) reports that reflect MSEP inspection compliance and provide to ROKAF MAGNUM OIC.
Notify ROKAF OIC when deficiencies are found. If negative trends continue coordinate with 7 AF/A4 for assistance in resolving the issue.
Submit a monthly MAGNUM status report to 7 AF/A4W Munitions staff no less than the 10th of each month. The report will reflect the short tonnages of the stockpiles on the last duty day of each month for the purpose of verifying the ROKAF invoice for payment. The report will be signed by the SQAE and the respective ROKAF OIC.
Prepare and publish weekly and monthly schedules. Schedules will be reviewed and signed by the ROKAF MAGNUM OIC and SQAE.
Provide ROKAF OIC with a periodic surveillance inspection schedule and will notify ROKAF OIC or NCOIC of inventory dates.
Prepare and publish Emergency Action Checklists (EAC). These will be written in Hangul and English, approved by the ROKAF MAGNUM OIC and the SQAE. EACs will be sent to 7 AF/SEW and 7 AF/A4MW for review. At a minimum, EACs will cover severe weather, emergency war order notifications/actions, and emergency destruction of munitions, fire, accident/incident, and loss of communications.
LOIs pertaining to explosive operations will be bilingual and will be signed by the Munitions Flight Chief and the ROKAF OICs after coordination through 7 AF/A4MW. Other LOIs will be prepared as determined by the Munitions Flight Chief and ROKAF OICs.
Develop and enforce an explosives safety training program meeting the requirements of DESR 6055.09_DAFMAN91-201.
Provide ROKAF OIC a list of inspections due within 90 days.
Notify ROKAF OIC or NCOIC of 100% inventory dates.
In addition to the above, the SQAE will follow the specific duties outlined in DAFMAN 21-201_7AFSUP 21-201.
Quality Assurance Evaluator Responsibilities. The QAE will:
Provide technical assistance and surveillance of safety, storage practices, inspections, and maintenance actions.
Inspect in-progress and completed work in accordance with MSEP to ensure adherence to USAF quality of maintenance standards.
Inspections will be documented on AF2419 and provided to ROKAF OIC after SQAE review. Inspections will be loaded into the MIS.
Provide training/instruction as applicable to address deficiencies identified during evaluations/inspections.
Be present during all operations involving classified items, as well as all shipping and receiving operations. Ensure technical data for NOFORN classified items is not provided to ROKAF.
Sign off all "Red X" conditions and In Process Inspections (IPI) on munitions and support equipment.
Conduct monthly area inspections as prescribed by MOUI FB52CX-MOUI-2004 at Daegu, Gwangju, Cheongju, and Sacheon Air Bases. These inspections will include:
Inspection of equipment, tools, explosive facilities, munitions stocks, explosive safety program, individual training documentation, firefighting procedures in explosives areas, vegetation control, and other items as determined by the QAE, ROKAF, and US and ROK higher headquarters.
This inspection will be documented and filed on AF2419 with discrepancies and corrective actions annotated.
Evaluate ROKAF training programs to ensure compliance with explosive safety standards, crew chief certification, and proficiency on related tasks.
Self-Inspection Requirements
SQAE from Daegu and Gwangju will perform a bi-annual inspection of the QAE program. SQAE will inspect the respective area's programs, QAE documentation, operating and explosive sited locations, and QAE competency. This may be accomplished simultaneously or separately and may be in person or remote.
Document Control Procedures
QAE Certification document will be filed in \LOCATION and reviewed quarterly by the SQAE to verify currency of evaluator certifications.
Self-Inspection reports will be documented on a 2419 and filed \LOCATION.
Attachment 1
INITIAL ORIENTATION 초기 교육

A1.1. Senior Quality Assurance Evaluators (SQAE) will conduct an initial orientation to ensure newly assigned Quality Assurance Evaluators (QAE) understand the MAGNUM concept, Base Support Plan (BSP) responsibilities and War Reserve Material (WRM) munitions surveillance concept. This briefing should be completed within 60 days of assignment.

Rank/Name:                                       DEROS:     DEROS (Date Eligible to Return from Overseas)
                      

Organizational Structure
SQAE will explain Section/MAGNUM organizational structur/hierarchy

QAE Program
Trainee must read and understand 607MMS OI 21-7 QAE Program

MOUI
Trainee must read the MOUI. QAE must explain MOUI/MAGNUM concept

AFI 21-201, Chapter 20
Trainee must read PACAFSUP. QAE must explain PGM WRM surveillance concept.

OPLAN/CONPLAN
Discuss basic plan concept and 607MMS and MAGNUM responsibilites

IGESP Responsibilites
SQAE will explain initial spin up, EDM, and contingency responsibilities

MAGNUM Orientation
SQAE will ensure newly assigned QAEs conduct an initial visit to MAGNUM. During the visit, the QAE will tour the RMSA, WRM equipment/vehicles and will be introduced to the MAGNUM OIC, ROKAF SNCOs, and ROKAF technicians

Orientation Evaluation
Newly assigned QAEs will observe a certified QAE conducting/documenting an evaluation

Initial Evaluation
QAEs will be evaluated in performing/documenting their first evaluation. He/she should not be certified until their respective Flight Chief is confident in his/her evaluating abilities. 

Attachment 2
AF FORM 2419 DOCUMENTATION

A2.1. Reports will be routed to the ROKAF OIC for review and returned to the SQAE to be filed.

A2.2. Fill in AF Form 2419 as follows:

    A2.2.1. Section I - Routing should include 7AF/A4M, ROKAF OIC and 607 MMS. 607 MMS will file the evaluation.

    A2.2.2. Section II - Unit will be the MAGNUM being evaluated.

    A2.2.3. Section III - List names if PE is being conducted on an entire crew or the individuals receiving personnel evaluations. For a QVI, the individual who performed the work will be entered in this block if the person can be identified. This is not filled out for SIs.

    A2.2.4. Section IV - Leave blank or input "N/A".

    A2.2.5. Section V - Enter equipment ratings, if applicable.

    A2.2.6. Section VI - Enter personnel errors, if applicable.

    A2.2.7. Section VII - Enter discrepancies by category if any.

    A2.2.8. Section VIII - Reference discrepancies identified in Section VII; include TO steps, AFI paragraph or checklist steps. Discrepancies resulting in a failed inspection must be referenced.

        A2.2.8.1. List all observations that support ratings. 

        A2.2.8.2. Summarize the evaluation and capture any historical data. 

NOTE: The evaluator will date, print name and grade, and sign the AF Form 2419.